Aranovich Gabriel J, Cavagnaro Daniel R, Pitt Mark A, Myung Jay I, Mathews Carol A
Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
Information Systems and Decision Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, United States.
J Psychiatr Res. 2017 Jul;90:126-132. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.02.017. Epub 2017 Feb 21.
Attitudes towards risk are highly consequential in clinical disorders thought to be prone to "risky behavior", such as substance dependence, as well as those commonly associated with excessive risk aversion, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and hoarding disorder (HD). Moreover, it has recently been suggested that attitudes towards risk may serve as a behavioral biomarker for OCD. We investigated the risk preferences of participants with OCD and HD using a novel adaptive task and a quantitative model from behavioral economics that decomposes risk preferences into outcome sensitivity and probability sensitivity. Contrary to expectation, compared to healthy controls, participants with OCD and HD exhibited less outcome sensitivity, implying less risk aversion in the standard economic framework. In addition, risk attitudes were strongly correlated with depression, hoarding, and compulsion scores, while compulsion (hoarding) scores were associated with more (less) "rational" risk preferences. These results demonstrate how fundamental attitudes towards risk relate to specific psychopathology and thereby contribute to our understanding of the cognitive manifestations of mental disorders. In addition, our findings indicate that the conclusion made in recent work that decision making under risk is unaltered in OCD is premature.
在被认为容易出现“危险行为”的临床疾病中，比如物质依赖，以及那些通常与过度风险规避相关的疾病中，比如强迫症（OCD）和囤积症（HD），对风险的态度有着至关重要的影响。此外，最近有人提出，对风险的态度可能作为强迫症的一种行为生物标志物。我们使用一种新颖的适应性任务和行为经济学的定量模型，将风险偏好分解为结果敏感性和概率敏感性，来研究强迫症和囤积症患者的风险偏好。与预期相反，与健康对照组相比，强迫症和囤积症患者表现出较低的结果敏感性，这意味着在标准经济框架中他们的风险规避程度较低。此外，风险态度与抑郁、囤积和强迫症状得分密切相关，而强迫（囤积）症状得分与更（较不）“理性”的风险偏好相关。这些结果表明了对风险的基本态度如何与特定的精神病理学相关，从而有助于我们理解精神障碍的认知表现。此外，我们的研究结果表明，近期研究得出的强迫症患者在风险下的决策未改变这一结论为时过早。
