Lu Wen, Gelfand Vladimir I
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Ward 11-100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Ward 11-100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Trends Cell Biol. 2017 Jul;27(7):505-514. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.02.005. Epub 2017 Mar 8.
In addition to their well-known role in transporting cargoes in the cytoplasm, microtubule motors organize their own tracks - the microtubules. While this function is mostly studied in the context of cell division, it is essential for microtubule organization and generation of cell polarity in interphase cells. Kinesin-1, the most abundant microtubule motor, plays a role in the initial formation of neurites. This review describes the mechanism of kinesin-1-driven microtubule sliding and discusses its biological significance in neurons. Recent studies describing the interplay between kinesin-1 and cytoplasmic dynein in the translocation of microtubules are discussed. In addition, we evaluate recent work exploring the developmental regulation of microtubule sliding during axonal outgrowth and regeneration. Collectively, the discussed works suggest that sliding of interphase microtubules by motors is a novel force-generating mechanism that reorganizes the cytoskeleton and drives shape change and polarization.
除了在细胞质中运输货物的众所周知的作用外，微管马达还能组织它们自己的轨道——微管。虽然这个功能大多是在细胞分裂的背景下研究的，但它对于间期细胞中微管的组织和细胞极性的产生至关重要。驱动蛋白-1是最丰富的微管马达，在神经突的初始形成中发挥作用。这篇综述描述了驱动蛋白-1驱动的微管滑动机制，并讨论了其在神经元中的生物学意义。还讨论了最近描述驱动蛋白-1和胞质动力蛋白在微管转运中相互作用的研究。此外，我们评估了最近探索轴突生长和再生过程中微管滑动的发育调控的工作。总体而言，所讨论的研究表明，马达驱动的间期微管滑动是一种新的力产生机制，可重组细胞骨架并驱动形状变化和极化。
