Nicklett Emily Joy, Taylor Robert Joseph, Rostant Ola, Johnson Kimson E, Evans Linnea
1 School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
2 National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Res Aging. 2017 Apr;39(4):501-525. doi: 10.1177/0164027516651974.
This study identifies risk and protective factors for falls among older, community-dwelling African Americans. Drawing upon the biopsychosocial perspective, we conducted a series of sex- and age-adjusted multinomial logistic regression analyses to identify the correlates of fall events among older African Americans. Our sample consisted of 1,442 community-dwelling African Americans aged 65 and older, participating in the 2010-2012 rounds of the Health and Retirement Study. Biophysical characteristics associated with greater relative risk of experiencing single and/or multiple falls included greater functional limitations, poorer self-rated health, poorer self-rated vision, chronic illnesses (high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer, lung disease, heart problems, stroke, and arthritis), greater chronic illness comorbidity, older age, and female sex. Physical activity was negatively associated with recurrent falls. Among the examined psychosocial characteristics, greater depressive symptoms were associated with greater relative risk of experiencing single and multiple fall events. Implications for clinicians and future studies are discussed.
本研究确定了居住在社区的老年非裔美国人跌倒的风险因素和保护因素。基于生物心理社会视角，我们进行了一系列经性别和年龄调整的多项逻辑回归分析，以确定老年非裔美国人跌倒事件的相关因素。我们的样本包括1442名年龄在65岁及以上、居住在社区的非裔美国人，他们参与了2010 - 2012年的健康与退休研究。与单次和/或多次跌倒相对风险较高相关的生物物理特征包括功能受限程度更高、自我健康评价较差、自我视力评价较差、慢性病（高血压、糖尿病、癌症、肺病、心脏病、中风和关节炎）、慢性病合并症更多、年龄较大以及女性。身体活动与反复跌倒呈负相关。在所研究的心理社会特征中，抑郁症状越严重，发生单次和多次跌倒事件的相对风险就越高。文中讨论了对临床医生和未来研究的启示。
