Hefer Carmen, Dreisbach Gesine
Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2017 Oct;43(10):1643-1658. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000397. Epub 2017 Mar 13.
Growing evidence suggests that reward prospect promotes cognitive stability in terms of increased context or cue maintenance. In 3 Experiments, using different versions of the AX-continuous performance task, we investigated whether this reward effect comes at the cost of decreased cognitive flexibility. Experiment 1 shows that the reward induced increase of cue maintenance perseverates even when reward is no longer available. Experiment 2 shows that this reward effect not only survives the withdrawal of reward but also delays the adaptation to changed task conditions that make cue usage maladaptive. And finally in Experiment 3, it is shown that this reduced flexibility to adapt is observed in a more demanding modified version of the AX-continuous performance task and is even stronger under conditions of sustained reward. Taken together, all 3 Experiments thus speak to the idea that the prospect of reward increases cue maintenance and thereby cognitive stability. This increased cognitive stability however comes at the cost of decreased flexibility in terms of delayed adaptation to new reward and task conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record
越来越多的证据表明，奖励预期通过增强情境或线索维持来促进认知稳定性。在3个实验中，我们使用不同版本的AX连续作业任务，研究了这种奖励效应是否以认知灵活性降低为代价。实验1表明，即使奖励不再可得，奖励引发的线索维持增加仍会持续存在。实验2表明，这种奖励效应不仅在奖励撤销后依然存在，而且还会延迟对使线索使用变得不适应的任务条件变化的适应。最后在实验3中，结果表明，在要求更高的AX连续作业任务修改版本中观察到了这种适应灵活性的降低，并且在持续奖励条件下甚至更强。综上所述，所有这3个实验都表明，奖励预期会增加线索维持，从而提高认知稳定性。然而，这种增强的认知稳定性是以延迟适应新奖励和任务条件方面的灵活性降低为代价的。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
