Thielen Mark, Joshi Rohan, Delbressine Frank, Bambang Oetomo Sidarto, Feijs Loe
1 Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
2 Department of Clinical Physics, Máxima Medisch Centrum Veldhoven, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.
Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2017 Mar;231(3):243-249. doi: 10.1177/0954411917691555. Epub 2017 Feb 13.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation manikins are used for training personnel in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. State-of-the-art cardiopulmonary resuscitation manikins are still anatomically and physiologically low-fidelity designs. The aim of this research was to design a manikin that offers high anatomical and physiological fidelity and has a cardiac and respiratory system along with integrated flow sensors to monitor cardiac output and air displacement in response to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This manikin was designed in accordance with anatomical dimensions using a polyoxymethylene rib cage connected to a vertebral column from an anatomical female model. The respiratory system was composed of silicon-coated memory foam mimicking lungs, a polyvinylchloride bronchus and a latex trachea. The cardiovascular system was composed of two sets of latex tubing representing the pulmonary and aortic arteries which were connected to latex balloons mimicking the ventricles and lumped abdominal volumes, respectively. These balloons were filled with Life/form simulation blood and placed inside polyether foam. The respiratory and cardiovascular systems were equipped with flow sensors to gather data in response to chest compressions. Three non-medical professionals performed chest compressions on this manikin yielding data corresponding to force-displacement while the flow sensors provided feedback. The force-displacement tests on this manikin show a desirable nonlinear behaviour mimicking chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans. In addition, the flow sensors provide valuable data on the internal effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In conclusion, scientifically designed and anatomically high-fidelity designs of cardiopulmonary resuscitation manikins that embed flow sensors can improve physiological fidelity and provide useful feedback data.
心肺复苏模拟人用于培训人员进行心肺复苏。最先进的心肺复苏模拟人在解剖学和生理学方面仍然是低保真度的设计。本研究的目的是设计一种具有高解剖学和生理学保真度的模拟人，其具有心脏和呼吸系统以及集成流量传感器，以监测心脏输出量和响应心肺复苏时的空气排量。该模拟人是根据解剖学尺寸设计的，使用从解剖学女性模型连接到脊柱的聚甲醛肋骨。呼吸系统由模仿肺部的硅涂层记忆泡沫、聚氯乙烯支气管和乳胶气管组成。心血管系统由两组乳胶管组成，分别代表肺动脉和主动脉，它们分别连接到模仿心室和集中腹部容积的乳胶气球上。这些气球充满了Life/form模拟血液，并放置在聚醚泡沫内。呼吸和心血管系统配备了流量传感器，以收集响应胸部按压的数据。三名非医学专业人员对该模拟人进行胸部按压，产生与力-位移相对应的数据，同时流量传感器提供反馈。对该模拟人的力-位移测试显示出一种理想的非线性行为，模仿了人类心肺复苏期间的胸部按压。此外，流量传感器提供了有关心肺复苏内部效应的有价值数据。总之，科学设计且解剖学保真度高的嵌入流量传感器的心肺复苏模拟人可以提高生理学保真度并提供有用的反馈数据。
