Fernandes A S, Mello F V C, Thode Filho S, Carpes R M, Honório J G, Marques M R C, Felzenszwalb I, Ferraz E R A
Laboratory of Environmental Mutagenesis, Department of Biophysics and Biometry, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Waste Management, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2017 Jul;141:30-36. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.011. Epub 2017 Apr 10.
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages throughout the world. So far, many studies have shown the properties of coffee beverages, but little is known about its impacts on human and environmental health from its discard in the environment. So, the present work aims to investigate the mutagenic, genotoxic, cytotoxic and ecotoxic effects of leached (LE) and solubilized (SE) extracts from coffee waste, simulating the disposal of this residue in landfills and via sewage systems, respectively. Chemical analyses were also carried out. LE and SE induced mutagenicity in the TA98 Salmonella strain with and without exogenous metabolization (S9). In the TA100 only SE induced mutagenicity, what was observed without S9. An increase in the frequency of micronuclei was observed in HepG2 cell line after 3 and 24h of exposure to both extracts. No cytotoxic effects were observed in HepG2 cells by WST-1 assay. The EC50 values for the LE and SE were 1.5% and 11.26% for Daphnia similis, 0.12% and 1.39% for Ceriodaphnia dubia and 6.0% and 5.5% for Vibrio fischeri, respectively. Caffeine and several transition metals were found in both extracts. Coffee waste discarded in the environment may pose a risk to human and environmental health, since this compound can cause DNA damage and present toxicity to aquatic organisms.
咖啡是全球消费最为广泛的饮品之一。到目前为止，许多研究已经揭示了咖啡饮品的特性，但对于其在环境中被丢弃后对人类和环境健康的影响却知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在分别模拟咖啡废渣在垃圾填埋场和通过污水系统进行处理的情况，探究咖啡废渣浸出液（LE）和溶解液（SE）的诱变、遗传毒性、细胞毒性和生态毒性效应。同时也进行了化学分析。LE和SE在有和没有外源性代谢（S9）的情况下均能诱导TA98沙门氏菌菌株产生诱变性。在TA100中，只有SE在没有S9的情况下诱导产生了诱变性。在暴露于两种提取物3小时和24小时后，HepG2细胞系中微核频率增加。通过WST - 1试验在HepG2细胞中未观察到细胞毒性作用。LE和SE对相似水蚤的半数有效浓度（EC50）值分别为1.5%和11.26%，对模糊角突蚤为0.12%和1.39%，对费氏弧菌为6.0%和5.5%。在两种提取物中均发现了咖啡因和几种过渡金属。丢弃在环境中的咖啡废渣可能对人类和环境健康构成风险，因为这种化合物会导致DNA损伤并对水生生物具有毒性。
