Dana Gayle L, Lenz Petra H
Marine Science Institute, University of California, 93106, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, P.O. Box 1346, 96744, Kaneohe, HI, USA.
Oecologia. 1986 Sep;68(3):428-436. doi: 10.1007/BF01036751.
Salinity increased from 48 to 93 g/l total dissolved solids (TDS) in Mono Lake, California between 1941 and 1982, and is expected to fluctuate between 169 and 248 g/l at equilibrium by the middle of the next century. In order to predict the consequences of this trend on the Mono Lake ecosystem, we determined effects of salinity on survival, growth, reproduction and hatching ofArtemia monica, Mono Lake's only macrozooplankton species. Seven salainities ranging from 76 to 179 g/l were tested in a long-term experiment to determine both lethal and sublethal responses. The salt tolerance limit for subadultA. monica was between 159 and 179 g/l. Adult size, growth rates, and brood sizes decreased, and female mortality during reproduction increased, as salinity increased. Hatching of diapause eggs was delayed and total percent hatch decreased as salinity increased, and hatching failed at 159 g/l. The life-time reproductive potential of individual females decreased linearly over the seven salinities tested. Based on this study, we predict a decrease in the productivity of theA. monica population in Mono Lake and extinction of the species is probable before the lake reaches equilibrium.
1941年至1982年间，加利福尼亚州莫诺湖的盐度从总溶解固体（TDS）48克/升增加到93克/升，预计到下个世纪中叶达到平衡时，盐度将在169克/升至248克/升之间波动。为了预测这种趋势对莫诺湖生态系统的影响，我们确定了盐度对莫诺湖唯一的大型浮游动物物种——莫诺卤虫的存活、生长、繁殖和孵化的影响。在一项长期实验中，测试了7种盐度，范围从76克/升至179克/升，以确定致死和亚致死反应。亚成年莫诺卤虫的耐盐极限在159克/升至179克/升之间。随着盐度增加，成年个体大小、生长速率和产卵量下降，繁殖期间雌性死亡率增加。随着盐度增加，滞育卵的孵化延迟，总孵化率下降，在159克/升时孵化失败。在所测试的7种盐度下，单个雌性的终生繁殖潜力呈线性下降。基于这项研究，我们预测莫诺湖莫诺卤虫种群的生产力将下降，并且在湖泊达到平衡之前，该物种可能灭绝。
