Donders Center for Neuroscience, Radboud University and Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Trends Neurosci. 2017 Apr;40(4):208-218. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.02.004. Epub 2017 Mar 15.
Electroencephalography (EEG) has been instrumental in making discoveries about cognition, brain function, and dysfunction. However, where do EEG signals come from and what do they mean? The purpose of this paper is to argue that we know shockingly little about the answer to this question, to highlight what we do know, how important the answers are, and how modern neuroscience technologies that allow us to measure and manipulate neural circuits with high spatiotemporal accuracy might finally bring us some answers. Neural oscillations are perhaps the best feature of EEG to use as anchors because oscillations are observed and are studied at multiple spatiotemporal scales of the brain, in multiple species, and are widely implicated in cognition and in neural computations.
脑电图（EEG）在认知、大脑功能和功能障碍的研究方面发挥了重要作用。然而，脑电图信号来自何处，又意味着什么呢？本文旨在论证，我们对这个问题的答案知之甚少，强调我们所知道的、答案的重要性，以及现代神经科学技术如何使我们能够以高精度的时空分辨率测量和操纵神经回路，最终为我们带来一些答案。神经振荡可能是脑电图中最好的特征，因为在多个物种的大脑中，在多个时空尺度上都观察到并研究了神经振荡，并且它们广泛涉及认知和神经计算。
