Advances in on-chip vascularization.

Microfluidics is invaluable for studying microvasculature, development of organ-on-chip models and engineering microtissues. Microfluidic design can cleverly control geometry, biochemical gradients and mechanical stimuli, such as shear and interstitial flow, to more closely mimic in vivo conditions. In vitro vascular networks are generated by two distinct approaches: via endothelial-lined patterned channels, or by self-assembled networks. Each system has its own benefits and is amenable to the study of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and cancer metastasis. Various techniques are employed in order to generate rapid perfusion of these networks within a variety of tissue and organ-mimicking models, some of which have shown recent success following implantation in vivo. Combined with tuneable hydrogels, microfluidics holds great promise for drug screening as well as in the development of prevascularized tissues for regenerative medicine.