Wallace Taylor C, Marzorati Massimo, Spence Lisa, Weaver Connie M, Williamson Patricia S
a Department of Nutrition and Food Studies , George Mason University, National Osteoporosis Foundation, Think Healthy Group, LLC , Fairfax , Virginia.
b ProDigest , Brussels , Belgium.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2017 Mar-Apr;36(3):218-222. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1257961. Epub 2017 Mar 20.
The complex interactions between the diet, gut microbiome, and host characteristics that provide a functional benefit to the host are an area of great interest and current exploration in the nutrition and health science community. New technologies are available to assess mechanisms that may explain these functional benefits to the host. One emerging functional benefit from changes in the gut microbiome is increased calcium absorption, increased calcium retention, and improved indices of bone health. Prebiotic fibers enhance microbial fermentation in the gut, providing an ecological advantage to specific nonpathogenic bacteria that have the ability to modify an individual's metabolic potential. Fermentation of fibers also leads to increased production of short-chain fatty acids. These changes have been positively correlated with increased calcium absorption in humans and increased bone density and strength in animal models. Dietary fibers may offer an additional means to enhance calcium absorption with the possibility of stimulating the gut microbiome to ultimately influence bone health. This hot topic perspectives piece reviews innovative technologies that can be used to assess the impact of prebiotic fibers on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) as well as the potential mechanisms that may explain their health effects on bone. Validated in vitro models used to measure alterations in the gut microbiome, as well as animal and clinical studies assessing the role of prebiotic fibers on calcium absorption and bone indices through alternations in the gut microbiome, are presented.
饮食、肠道微生物群和宿主特征之间复杂的相互作用能为宿主带来功能益处，这是营养与健康科学界极为关注且正在探索的领域。现在有新技术可用于评估可能解释这些对宿主功能益处的机制。肠道微生物群变化带来的一个新出现的功能益处是钙吸收增加、钙潴留增加以及骨骼健康指标改善。益生元纤维可增强肠道内的微生物发酵，为特定的非致病细菌提供生态优势，这些细菌有能力改变个体的代谢潜能。纤维发酵还会导致短链脂肪酸产量增加。这些变化与人类钙吸收增加以及动物模型中骨密度和强度增加呈正相关。膳食纤维可能提供另一种增强钙吸收的方法，有可能刺激肠道微生物群最终影响骨骼健康。这篇热点话题观点文章综述了可用于评估益生元纤维对胃肠道（GIT）影响的创新技术，以及可能解释其对骨骼健康影响的潜在机制。文中介绍了用于测量肠道微生物群变化的经过验证的体外模型，以及通过肠道微生物群变化评估益生元纤维对钙吸收和骨骼指标作用的动物和临床研究。
