Ahmed Mohamed H, Elwali Einas S, Awadalla Heitham, Almobarak Ahmed O
Department of Medicine and HIV Metabolic Clinic, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, UK.
Public and Tropical Heath Program, Graduate College, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2017 Nov;11 Suppl 1:S333-S336. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.03.011. Epub 2017 Mar 7.
Diabetic nephropathy is responsible for nearly third of the world cases of end stage renal disease; it becomes a major public health problem with social and economic burden. The aim of this study is to explore if there is an association between retinopathy and nephropathy.
In a cross sectional hospital based study a total of 316 individuals with diabetes were recruited from Makkah eye complex retina clinic. Demographic data, medical history and life style characteristics were taken through standard questionnaire. In addition, urine samples were collected to check for presence of albuminuria, blood samples were taken to measure HbA1c, lipid profile and renal function test.
The mean age of participants was 58±10 years old. Only 39.8 and 40.2% of females were diagnosed with retinopathy and nephropathy, respectively. In addition, 60.2 and 59.8% of males were diagnosed with retinopathy and nephropathy, respectively. Hypertension was identified as risk factors for both retinopathy and nephropathy (P<0.001 and P<0.07). Serum creatinine and blood urea are significantly associated with retinopathy (P<0.01 and P<0.01). Body mass index (BMI) and HbA1c are not significantly associated with retinopathy and nephropathy. The prevalence of nephropathy among individuals with retinopathy was 35.6%. There was significant association between nephropathy and development of retinopathy (P<0.01). Logistic regression showed that two absolute risk factors are: nephropathy and having hypertension with P value of 0.009 and 0.003, respectively.
Almost third of diabetic patients developed nephropathy, significant association between nephropathy and development of retinopathy was found.
糖尿病肾病导致了全球近三分之一的终末期肾病病例；它成为了一个具有社会和经济负担的重大公共卫生问题。本研究的目的是探讨视网膜病变与肾病之间是否存在关联。
在一项基于医院的横断面研究中，从麦加眼科综合视网膜诊所招募了总共316名糖尿病患者。通过标准问卷收集人口统计学数据、病史和生活方式特征。此外，收集尿液样本以检查是否存在蛋白尿，采集血液样本以测量糖化血红蛋白、血脂谱和肾功能测试。
参与者的平均年龄为58±10岁。分别只有39.8%和40.2%的女性被诊断患有视网膜病变和肾病。此外，分别有60.2%和59.8%的男性被诊断患有视网膜病变和肾病。高血压被确定为视网膜病变和肾病的危险因素（P<0.001和P<0.07）。血清肌酐和血尿素与视网膜病变显著相关（P<0.01和P<0.01）。体重指数（BMI）和糖化血红蛋白与视网膜病变和肾病无显著关联。患有视网膜病变的个体中肾病的患病率为35.6%。肾病与视网膜病变的发展之间存在显著关联（P<0.01）。逻辑回归显示两个绝对危险因素是：肾病和患有高血压，P值分别为0.009和0.003。
几乎三分之一的糖尿病患者发展为肾病，发现肾病与视网膜病变的发展之间存在显著关联。
