Widén Heléne, Alenljung Susanne, Forsgren-Brusk Ulla, Hall Gunnar
Heléne Widén, PhD, Sensory and Flavor Science, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Food and Bioscience, Gothenburg, Sweden. Susanne Alenljung, MSc, Hygiene and Odor, SCA Hygiene Products AB, Gothenburg, Sweden. Ulla Forsgren-Brusk, MSc, Hygiene and Odor, SCA Hygiene Products AB, Gothenburg, Sweden. Gunnar Hall, PhD, Sensory and Flavor Science, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Food and Bioscience, Gothenburg, Sweden.
J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2017 May/Jun;44(3):277-282. doi: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000326.
The objectives of this study were to characterize the odors of used incontinence products by descriptive analysis and to define attributes to be used in the analysis. A further objective was to investigate to what extent the odor profiles of used incontinence products differed from each other and, if possible, to group these profiles into classes.
Used incontinence products were collected from 14 residents with urinary incontinence living in geriatric nursing homes in the Gothenburg area, Sweden.
Pieces were cut from the wet area of used incontinence products. They were placed in glass bottles and kept frozen until odor analysis was completed. A trained panel consisting of 8 judges experienced in this area of investigation defined terminology for odor attributes. The intensities of these attributes in the used products were determined by descriptive odor analysis. Data were analyzed both by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey post hoc test and by principal component analysis and cluster analysis.
An odor wheel, with 10 descriptive attributes, was developed. The total odor intensity, and the intensities of the attributes, varied considerably between different, used incontinence products. The typical odors varied from "sweetish" to "urinal," "ammonia," and "smoked." Cluster analysis showed that the used products, based on the quantitative odor data, could be divided into 5 odor classes with different profiles.
The used products varied considerably in odor character and intensity. Findings suggest that odors in used absorptive products are caused by different types of compounds that may vary in concentration.
本研究的目的是通过描述性分析来表征使用过的失禁产品的气味，并确定分析中使用的属性。另一个目的是调查使用过的失禁产品的气味特征在多大程度上彼此不同，并在可能的情况下将这些特征分类。
从瑞典哥德堡地区老年护理院的14名尿失禁居民那里收集使用过的失禁产品。
从使用过的失禁产品的潮湿区域剪下小块。将它们放入玻璃瓶中并冷冻保存，直到完成气味分析。一个由8名在该调查领域有经验的评委组成的训练有素的小组定义了气味属性的术语。通过描述性气味分析确定这些属性在使用过的产品中的强度。数据通过方差分析（ANOVA），随后进行Tukey事后检验以及主成分分析和聚类分析进行分析。
开发了一个具有10个描述性属性的气味轮。不同的使用过的失禁产品之间，总气味强度以及各属性的强度差异很大。典型气味从“甜腻”到“尿味”、“氨味”和“烟熏味”不等。聚类分析表明，根据定量气味数据，使用过的产品可分为5个具有不同特征的气味类别。
使用过的产品在气味特征和强度上差异很大。研究结果表明，使用过的吸收性产品中的气味是由不同类型的化合物引起的，其浓度可能有所不同。
