Ba Sidy, Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan
a Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering , A'Sharqiyah University , Ibra , Sultanate of Oman.
b Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering , Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Québec , Canada.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2017 Nov;37(7):819-832. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1261081. Epub 2017 Mar 22.
Our current global environmental challenges include the reduction of harmful chemicals and their derivatives. Bioremediation has been a key strategy to control the massive presence of chemicals in the environment. Enzymes including the phenoloxidases, laccases and tyrosinases, are increasingly being investigated as "green products" in the removal of many chemical contaminants in waters and soils. Both phenoloxidases are widespread in nature and attractive biocatalysts due to their ability to use readily available molecular oxygen as sole cofactor for their catalytic elimination of a large number of chemicals. Taking advantage of their catalytic potentials, remarkable advances have been made in the engineering of laccases to produce suitable biocatalysts in environmental applications. Studies about novel strategies of laccase immobilization and insolubilization for the treatment of chemical contaminants were provided. Likewise, tyrosinases are gaining increasing interest in environmental applications due to their catalytic similarities with laccases although they remain far less investigated to date. This disparity was addressed in this review along with the molecular features and catalytic mechanism of tyrosinases relevant in environmental applications. A perspective on the future use of laccases and tyrosinases in bioremediation was discussed.
我们当前面临的全球环境挑战包括减少有害化学物质及其衍生物。生物修复一直是控制环境中大量化学物质存在的关键策略。包括酚氧化酶、漆酶和酪氨酸酶在内的酶，作为去除水和土壤中许多化学污染物的“绿色产品”，正受到越来越多的研究。酚氧化酶在自然界广泛存在，并且由于它们能够利用容易获得的分子氧作为唯一辅因子来催化消除大量化学物质，因而成为有吸引力的生物催化剂。利用它们的催化潜力，在漆酶工程改造方面取得了显著进展，以生产适用于环境应用的生物催化剂。本文提供了关于漆酶固定化和不溶性化处理化学污染物的新策略的研究。同样，酪氨酸酶因其与漆酶的催化相似性而在环境应用中越来越受到关注，尽管迄今为止对其研究仍少得多。本综述探讨了这种差异以及环境应用中酪氨酸酶的分子特征和催化机制。还讨论了漆酶和酪氨酸酶在生物修复未来应用方面的前景。
