Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 22;23(7):3462. doi: 10.3390/ijms23073462.
Laccases (Lac) and tyrosinases (TYR) are mild oxidants with a great potential in research and industry. In this work, we review recent advances in their use in organic synthesis. We summarize recent examples of Lac-catalyzed oxidation, homocoupling and heterocoupling, and TYR-catalyzed -hydroxylation of phenols. We highlight the combination of Lac and TYR with other enzymes or chemical catalysts. We also point out the biological and pharmaceutical potential of the products, such as dimers of piceid, lignols, isorhamnetin, rutin, caffeic acid, 4-hydroxychalcones, thiols, hybrid antibiotics, benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, pyrimidine derivatives, hydroxytyrosols, alkylcatechols, halocatechols, or dihydrocaffeoyl esters, etc. These products include radical scavengers; antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor compounds; and building blocks for bioactive compounds and drugs. We summarize the available enzyme sources and discuss the scalability of their use in organic synthesis. In conclusion, we assume that the intensive use of laccases and tyrosinases in organic synthesis will yield new bioactive compounds and, in the long-term, reduce the environmental impact of industrial organic chemistry.
漆酶（Lac）和酪氨酸酶（TYR）是温和的氧化剂，在研究和工业中有很大的潜力。在这项工作中，我们综述了它们在有机合成中的应用的最新进展。我们总结了最近的 Lac 催化氧化、同偶联和异偶联，以及 TYR 催化酚的 -羟基化的例子。我们强调了 Lac 和 TYR 与其他酶或化学催化剂的结合。我们还指出了产物的生物和制药潜力，例如白皮杉醇、木脂素、山奈酚、芦丁、咖啡酸、4-羟基查耳酮、硫醇、混合抗生素、苯并咪唑、苯并噻唑、嘧啶衍生物、羟基酪醇、烷基儿茶酚、卤代儿茶酚或二氢咖啡酰酯等的二聚体。这些产物包括自由基清除剂；抗菌、抗病毒和抗肿瘤化合物；以及生物活性化合物和药物的构建模块。我们总结了可用的酶源，并讨论了它们在有机合成中规模化应用的可能性。总之，我们假设漆酶和酪氨酸酶在有机合成中的广泛应用将产生新的生物活性化合物，并从长远来看，减少工业有机化学对环境的影响。
