Clancy Rachel B, Herring Matthew P, Campbell Mark J
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick Limerick, Ireland.
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of LimerickLimerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of LimerickLimerick, Ireland.
Front Psychol. 2017 Mar 9;8:348. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00348. eCollection 2017.
Motivation is widely-researched, in both sport psychology and other fields. As rigorous measurement is essential to understanding this latent construct, a critical appraisal of measurement instruments is needed. Thus, the purpose of this review was to evaluate the six most highly cited motivation measures in sport. Peer-reviewed articles published prior to August 2016 were searched to identify the six most highly cited motivation questionnaires in sport: Sport Motivation Scale (SMS), Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI), Situational Motivational Scale (SIMS), Perceptions of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), Behavioural Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), and Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ). The questionnaires were then evaluated and discussed in four sections: Development, Reliability, Correlates, and Summary. Bibliometric data were also calculated (average weighted impact factor) and assessed (e.g., citations per year) to evaluate the impact of the use of each questionnaire. Despite some variance in their psychometric properties, conceptualization, structure, and utility, the six questionnaires are psychometrically strong instruments for quantifying motivation that are widely supported in the literature. Bibliometric analyses suggested that the IMI ranks first and the SMS ranks sixth according to the average weighted impact factors of their original publications. Consideration of each questionnaire's psychometric strengths/limitations, and conceptualization of motivation in the context of specific research questions should guide researchers in selecting the most appropriate instrument to measure motivation in sport. The average weighted impact factor of each questionnaire is a useful value to consider as well. With these points in mind, recommendations are provided.
在运动心理学和其他领域，动机都得到了广泛研究。由于严谨的测量对于理解这个潜在结构至关重要，因此需要对测量工具进行批判性评估。因此，本综述的目的是评估运动领域中被引用次数最多的六种动机测量方法。检索了2016年8月之前发表的同行评审文章，以确定运动领域中被引用次数最多的六种动机问卷：运动动机量表（SMS）、内在动机量表（IMI）、情境动机量表（SIMS）、成功感知问卷（POSQ）、运动行为调节问卷（BRSQ）和运动任务与自我定向问卷（TEOSQ）。然后从四个方面对这些问卷进行了评估和讨论：发展、信度、相关因素和总结。还计算了文献计量数据（平均加权影响因子）并进行了评估（例如每年的引用次数），以评估每份问卷使用的影响。尽管这六种问卷在心理测量特性、概念化、结构和效用方面存在一些差异，但它们都是心理测量强大的工具，用于量化动机，在文献中得到了广泛支持。文献计量分析表明，根据其原始出版物的平均加权影响因子，IMI排名第一，SMS排名第六。考虑每份问卷的心理测量优势/局限性，以及在特定研究问题背景下的动机概念化，应指导研究人员选择最合适的工具来测量运动中的动机。每份问卷的平均加权影响因子也是一个值得考虑的有用数值。考虑到这些要点，本文提供了相关建议。
