Chichiriccò Giuseppe, Poma Anna
Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, I-67010 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2015 May 26;5(2):851-873. doi: 10.3390/nano5020851.
Nanomaterials (NMs) comprise either inorganic particles consisting of metals, oxides, and salts that exist in nature and may be also produced in the laboratory, or organic particles originating only from the laboratory, having at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm in size. According to shape, size, surface area, and charge, NMs have different mechanical, chemical, electrical, and optical properties that make them suitable for technological and biomedical applications and thus they are being increasingly produced and modified. Despite their beneficial potential, their use may be hazardous to health owing to the capacity to enter the animal and plant body and interact with cells. Studies on NMs involve technologists, biologists, physicists, chemists, and ecologists, so there are numerous reports that are significantly raising the level of knowledge, especially in the field of nanotechnology; however, many aspects concerning nanobiology remain undiscovered, including the interactions with plant biomolecules. In this review we examine current knowledge on the ways in which NMs penetrate plant organs and interact with cells, with the aim of shedding light on the reactivity of NMs and toxicity to plants. These points are discussed critically to adjust the balance with regard to the risk to the health of the plants as well as providing some suggestions for new studies on this topic.
纳米材料（NMs）包括无机颗粒和有机颗粒。无机颗粒由金属、氧化物和盐组成，这些物质既存在于自然界中，也可以在实验室中制备；有机颗粒则仅来源于实验室，其尺寸至少在1至100纳米之间。根据形状、大小、表面积和电荷，纳米材料具有不同的机械、化学、电学和光学特性，这使得它们适用于技术和生物医学应用，因此其产量和改性也日益增加。尽管纳米材料具有潜在的益处，但由于其能够进入动植物体内并与细胞相互作用，其使用可能对健康有害。对纳米材料的研究涉及技术专家、生物学家、物理学家、化学家以及生态学家，因此有大量的报告显著提高了人们的知识水平，特别是在纳米技术领域；然而，许多关于纳米生物学的方面仍未被发现，包括与植物生物分子的相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们研究了关于纳米材料穿透植物器官并与细胞相互作用方式的现有知识，旨在揭示纳米材料的反应性及其对植物的毒性。对这些要点进行了批判性讨论，以平衡对植物健康的风险，并为该主题的新研究提供一些建议。
