Leister Dario, Wang Liangsheng, Kleine Tatjana
Plant Molecular Biology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
Front Plant Sci. 2017 Mar 21;8:387. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00387. eCollection 2017.
Organelles produce ATP and a variety of vital metabolites, and are indispensable for plant development. While most of their original gene complements have been transferred to the nucleus in the course of evolution, they retain their own genomes and gene-expression machineries. Hence, organellar function requires tight coordination between organellar gene expression (OGE) and nuclear gene expression (NGE). OGE requires various nucleus-encoded proteins that regulate transcription, splicing, trimming, editing, and translation of organellar RNAs, which necessitates nucleus-to-organelle (anterograde) communication. Conversely, changes in OGE trigger retrograde signaling that modulates NGE in accordance with the current status of the organelle. Changes in OGE occur naturally in response to developmental and environmental changes, and can be artificially induced by inhibitors such as lincomycin or mutations that perturb OGE. Focusing on the model plant and its plastids, we review here recent findings which suggest that perturbations of OGE homeostasis regularly result in the activation of acclimation and tolerance responses, presumably via retrograde signaling.
细胞器产生ATP和各种重要的代谢产物，对植物发育不可或缺。虽然它们大部分原始的基因组成在进化过程中已转移至细胞核，但仍保留自身的基因组和基因表达机制。因此，细胞器功能需要细胞器基因表达（OGE）与核基因表达（NGE）之间紧密协调。OGE需要多种由细胞核编码的蛋白质来调节细胞器RNA的转录、剪接、修剪、编辑和翻译，这就需要细胞核到细胞器（顺行）的通讯。相反，OGE的变化会触发逆行信号传导，根据细胞器的当前状态调节NGE。OGE的变化会自然地响应发育和环境变化，并且可以通过诸如林可霉素等抑制剂或干扰OGE的突变人为诱导。本文以模式植物及其质体为重点，综述了最近的研究结果，这些结果表明，OGE稳态的扰动通常会通过逆行信号传导激活适应性和耐受性反应。
