Albuquerque Fábio Suzart de, Gregory Andrew
Science and Mathematics Faculty, College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, Azusa, United States of America.
School of Earth Environment and Society, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2017 Apr 5;12(4):e0174179. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174179. eCollection 2017.
A major challenge for biogeographers and conservation planners is to identify where to best locate or distribute high-priority areas for conservation and to explore whether these areas are well represented by conservation actions such as protected areas (PAs). We aimed to identify high-priority areas for conservation, expressed as hotpots of rarity-weighted richness (HRR)-sites that efficiently represent species-for birds across EU countries, and to explore whether HRR are well represented by the Natura 2000 network. Natura 2000 is an evolving network of PAs that seeks to conserve biodiversity through the persistence of the most patrimonial species and habitats across Europe. This network includes Sites of Community Importance (SCI) and Special Areas of Conservation (SAC), where the latter regulated the designation of Special Protected Areas (SPA). Distribution maps for 416 bird species and complementarity-based approaches were used to map geographical patterns of rarity-weighted richness (RWR) and HRR for birds. We used species accumulation index to evaluate whether RWR was efficient surrogates to identify HRRs for birds. The results of our analysis support the proposition that prioritizing sites in order of RWR is a reliable way to identify sites that efficiently represent birds. HRRs were concentrated in the Mediterranean Basin and alpine and boreal biogeographical regions of northern Europe. The cells with high RWR values did not correspond to cells where Natura 2000 was present. We suggest that patterns of RWR could become a focus for conservation biogeography. Our analysis demonstrates that identifying HRR is a robust approach for prioritizing management actions, and reveals the need for more conservation actions, especially on HRR.
生物地理学家和保护规划者面临的一个主要挑战是确定何处最适合定位或分布保护的高优先级区域，并探索这些区域是否通过保护区（PA）等保护行动得到了充分体现。我们旨在确定保护的高优先级区域，将其表示为稀有度加权丰富度热点（HRR）——即能有效代表欧盟国家鸟类物种的地点，并探讨“自然2000”网络是否充分体现了HRR。“自然2000”是一个不断发展的保护区网络，旨在通过欧洲最具代表性的物种和栖息地的存续来保护生物多样性。该网络包括具有社区重要性的地点（SCI）和特别保护区（SAC），其中后者规定了特别保护区域（SPA）的指定。利用416种鸟类的分布图和基于互补性的方法来绘制鸟类稀有度加权丰富度（RWR）和HRR的地理模式。我们使用物种累积指数来评估RWR是否是识别鸟类HRR的有效替代指标。我们的分析结果支持这样一种观点，即按RWR对地点进行排序是识别能有效代表鸟类的地点的可靠方法。HRR集中在地中海盆地以及北欧的高山和北方生物地理区域。RWR值高的单元格与“自然2000”存在的单元格不对应。我们建议RWR模式可以成为保护生物地理学的一个重点。我们的分析表明，识别HRR是确定管理行动优先级的一种可靠方法，并揭示了需要更多保护行动，特别是针对HRR的保护行动。
