Department of Nutritional Science, National Institutes of Biomedical Health, Innovation, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2018 Mar 2;73(3):273-278. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glx059.
Calorie restriction without malnutrition increases longevity and delays the onset of age-associated disorders in multiple species. Recently, greater emphasis has been placed on healthy life span and preventing frailty than on longevity. Here, we show the beneficial effect of long-term calorie restriction on frailty in later life in a nonhuman primate. Frail phenotypes were evaluated using metabolic and physical activity data and defined using the Fried index. Shrinking was defined as unintentional weight loss of greater than 5% of body weight. Weakness was indicated by decline in high intensity spontaneous physical activity. Poor endurance or exhaustion was indicated by a reduction in energy efficiency of movements. Slowness was indicated by physical activity counts in the morning. Low physical activity level was measured by total energy expenditure using doubly labeled water divided by sleeping metabolic rate. Weakness, poor endurance, slowness, and low physical activity level were significantly higher in control compared with calorie restriction (p < .05) as was total incidence of frailty (p < .001). In conclusion, we established a novel set of measurable criteria of frailty in nonhuman primates, and using these criteria, showed that calorie restriction reduces the incidence of frailty and increases healthy life span in nonhuman primates.
热量限制而不造成营养不良可延长多种物种的寿命并延缓与年龄相关的疾病的发生。最近，人们更加关注健康寿命和预防虚弱，而不是长寿。在这里，我们在非人类灵长类动物中展示了长期热量限制对晚年虚弱的有益影响。使用代谢和体力活动数据评估虚弱表型，并使用弗莱德指数进行定义。消瘦定义为体重无故减轻超过 5%。虚弱表示高强度自发性体力活动减少。耐力差或疲惫表示运动能量效率降低。缓慢表示早晨的体力活动计数。低体力活动水平通过使用双标记水除以睡眠代谢率来测量总能量消耗来衡量。与热量限制组相比，对照组的虚弱表现（如力量减弱、耐力差、动作缓慢和低体力活动水平）更为显著（p<0.05），虚弱总发生率也更高（p<0.001）。总之，我们在非人类灵长类动物中建立了一套新的可衡量的虚弱标准，并使用这些标准表明，热量限制可降低非人类灵长类动物虚弱的发生率并延长其健康寿命。
