Gaines Sara, Luo James N, Gilbert Jack, Zaborina Olga, Alverdy John C
Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois.
Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2017 May/Jun;18(4):503-507. doi: 10.1089/sur.2017.020. Epub 2017 Apr 12.
Surgical site infections (SSI), whether they be incisional or deep, can entail major morbidity and death to patients and additional cost to the healthcare system. A significant amount of effort has gone into optimizing the surgical patient and the operating room environment to reduce SSI.
Relevant guidelines and literature were reviewed.
The modern practice of surgical antisepsis involves the employment of strict sterile techniques inside the operating room. Extensive guidelines are available regarding the proper operating room antisepsis as well as pre-operative preparation. The use of pre-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis has become increasingly prevalent, which also presents the challenge of opportunistic and nosocomial infections. Ongoing investigative efforts have brought about a greater appreciation of the surgical patient's endogenous microflora, use of non-bactericidal small molecules, and pre-operative microbial screening.
Systematic protocols exist for optimizing the surgical sterility of the operating room to prevent SSIs. Ongoing research efforts aim to improve the precision of peri-operative antisepsis measures and personalize these measures to tailor the patient's unique microbial environment.
手术部位感染（SSI），无论是切口感染还是深部感染，都可能给患者带来严重的发病风险和死亡，并给医疗系统带来额外成本。为了降低手术部位感染，人们付出了大量努力来优化手术患者和手术室环境。
对相关指南和文献进行了综述。
现代手术防腐实践包括在手术室内采用严格的无菌技术。关于手术室正确的防腐措施以及术前准备有广泛的指南。术前使用抗菌药物预防变得越来越普遍，这也带来了机会性感染和医院感染的挑战。正在进行的研究工作使人们对手术患者的内源性微生物群、使用非杀菌性小分子以及术前微生物筛查有了更深入的认识。
存在用于优化手术室手术无菌性以预防手术部位感染的系统方案。正在进行的研究工作旨在提高围手术期防腐措施的精准度，并根据患者独特的微生物环境对这些措施进行个性化定制。
