Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India.
Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Glob Heart. 2017 Sep;12(3):209-217. doi: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.11.004. Epub 2017 Apr 11.
The World Health Organization and the Government of India have set targets to reduce burden of noncommunicable diseases. Information on population level trend of risk factors would provide insights regarding the possibility of achieving them.
This study aimed to determine the population trends of cardiovascular disease risk factors in the National Capital Region of Delhi over 2 decades.
Two representative cross-sectional surveys were conducted among men and women ages 35 to 64 years, residing in the urban and rural areas (survey 1 [1991 to 1994] and survey 2 [2010 to 2012]) using similar methodology. The urban sample was collected from the Municipal Corporation of Delhi, and the rural sample was from the Ballabgarh block of the adjoining state of Haryana. A total of 3,048 and 2,052 subjects of urban areas and 2,487 and 1,917 subjects of rural areas were surveyed in surveys 1 and 2, respectively. Behavioral (smoking and alcohol use), physical (overweight, abdominal obesity, and raised blood pressure), and biochemical risk factors (raised fasting blood glucose and raised total cholesterol) were measured using standard tools.
Urban and rural prevalence of overweight, alcohol use, raised blood pressure, and blood glucose increased with increases in age-standardized mean body mass index (urban: 24.4 to 26.0 kg/m; rural: 20.2 to 23.0 kg/m), systolic blood pressure (urban: 121.2 to 129.8 mm Hg; rural: 114.9 to 123.1 mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (urban: 74.3 to 83.9 mm Hg; rural: 73.1 to 82.3 mm Hg), and fasting glucose (urban: 101.2 to 115.3 mg/dl; rural: 83.9 to 103.2 mg/dl). The smoking prevalence increased in the rural male population. Raised total cholesterol declined in urban and increased significantly in rural populations.
The study indicates an overall worsening of population levels of all cardiovascular disease risk factors in National Capital Region over past 20 years, though some signs of stabilization and reversal are seen in urban Delhi.
世界卫生组织和印度政府制定了减少非传染性疾病负担的目标。了解人口层面风险因素的趋势，可以为实现这些目标提供深入的见解。
本研究旨在确定过去 20 年德里国家首都辖区内心血管疾病风险因素的人口趋势。
在城市和农村地区（调查 1[1991 年至 1994 年]和调查 2[2010 年至 2012 年]）对年龄在 35 至 64 岁的男性和女性进行了两次具有代表性的横断面调查，使用类似的方法。城市样本来自德里市政公司，农村样本来自邻近的哈里亚纳邦的巴拉尔加区。调查 1 和 2 中分别对 3048 名和 2052 名城市地区以及 2487 名和 1917 名农村地区的参与者进行了调查。使用标准工具测量行为（吸烟和饮酒）、身体（超重、腹部肥胖和血压升高）和生化风险因素（空腹血糖升高和总胆固醇升高）。
随着年龄标准化平均体重指数（城市：24.4 至 26.0 kg/m；农村：20.2 至 23.0 kg/m）、收缩压（城市：121.2 至 129.8 mm Hg；农村：114.9 至 123.1 mm Hg）、舒张压（城市：74.3 至 83.9 mm Hg；农村：73.1 至 82.3 mm Hg）和空腹血糖（城市：101.2 至 115.3 mg/dl；农村：83.9 至 103.2 mg/dl）的升高，超重、饮酒、血压升高和血糖升高的城市和农村患病率均有所增加。农村男性的吸烟率有所上升。城市人口的总胆固醇水平有所下降，而农村人口的总胆固醇水平则显著上升。
本研究表明，在过去的 20 年里，国家首都辖区的人口心血管疾病风险因素水平总体恶化，尽管在德里市的一些地区出现了稳定和逆转的迹象。
