Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Oakland, USA.
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2018 Feb;37(2):188-195. doi: 10.1111/dar.12537. Epub 2017 Apr 19.
Little is known about social-ecological correlates of simultaneous use of alcohol with other substances. This study examined places and social contexts associated with simultaneous use of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana among young adults.
We used survey data obtained from 1538 young adult recent alcohol drinkers (49% male; 18-30 years old) in 24 non-contiguous cities in California. Event-level measures included alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use, drinking places and social characteristics of the event. Individual-level measures included alcohol expectancies, depression and demographics.
Bars and restaurants had less alcohol and marijuana use (odds ratio = 0.34; 95% confidence interval 0.18, 0.62; P < 0.001) and alcohol, marijuana and tobacco use (odds ratio = 0.27; 95% confidence interval 0.14, 0.54; P < 0.001) compared with alcohol use only. Perceived percent of intoxicated people at an event was associated with greater likelihood of using alcohol with tobacco and marijuana at the event. At the individual level, greater age was generally associated with increased odds of simultaneous use. Participants who were male, less educated, more depressed and had positive alcohol expectancies were more likely to simultaneously co-use alcohol with tobacco and marijuana. Those with negative expectancies were less likely to simultaneously use these substances.
Social events in private settings with a high percentage of people who are intoxicated had increased likelihood of simultaneous use of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana. Prevention efforts in these settings may reduce simultaneous use of these substances and related harms. [Lipperman-Kreda S, Paschall MJ, Saltz RF, Morrison CN. Places and social contexts associated with simultaneous use of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana among young adults. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;00:000-000].
关于同时使用酒精和其他物质的社会生态因素知之甚少。本研究考察了与年轻人同时使用酒精、烟草和大麻有关的场所和社会环境。
我们使用了来自加利福尼亚州 24 个不连续城市的 1538 名最近饮酒的年轻成年人（49%为男性；18-30 岁）的调查数据。事件水平的测量包括酒精、烟草和大麻的使用、饮酒场所和事件的社会特征。个体水平的测量包括酒精期望、抑郁和人口统计学。
酒吧和餐馆的酒精和大麻使用量较少（比值比=0.34；95%置信区间 0.18，0.62；P<0.001），与仅使用酒精相比，同时使用酒精、大麻和烟草的可能性也较小（比值比=0.27；95%置信区间 0.14，0.54；P<0.001）。事件中醉酒人数的感知百分比与事件中同时使用酒精与烟草和大麻的可能性更大相关。在个体水平上，年龄越大，同时使用的可能性越大。男性、受教育程度较低、抑郁程度较高、对酒精期望较高的参与者更有可能同时使用烟草和大麻与酒精。对酒精有消极期望的人不太可能同时使用这些物质。
私人场所中醉酒人数比例较高的社交活动更有可能同时使用酒精、烟草和大麻。在这些场所开展预防工作可能会减少这些物质的同时使用及其相关危害。
