Arner Peter, Rydén Mikael
a Karolinska Institutet , Department of Medicine (H7) , Karolinska University Hospital , Huddinge , Stockholm , Sweden.
Adipocyte. 2017 Jul 3;6(3):187-192. doi: 10.1080/21623945.2017.1306158. Epub 2017 Mar 15.
White adipose tissue is a remarkably expandable organ with results in the last decade showing that human white adipocytes are continuously turned over during the entire life-span. Data primarily in murine models have demonstrated that adipocytes are derived from precursors present mainly in the perivascular areas of adipose tissue but their precise origin remains unclear. Subsets of cells present in bone marrow display a multipotent differentiation capacity which has prompted the hypothesis that bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) may also contribute to the adipocyte pool present in peripheral fat depots. This notion was initially demonstrated in a murine transplantation model, however, subsequent animal studies have been conflicting resulting in a debate of whether BMDCs actually differentiate into adipocytes or just fuse with resident fat cells. This controversy was recently resolved in 2 studies of human subjects undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Using a combination of different assays these data suggest that bone marrow contributes to at least 10% of the adipocyte pool. This proportion is doubled in obesity, suggesting that BMDCs may constitute a reserve pool for adipogenesis, particularly upon weight gain. This review discusses the possible mechanisms and relevance of these findings for human pathophysiology.
白色脂肪组织是一个具有显著扩张能力的器官，过去十年的研究结果表明，人类白色脂肪细胞在整个生命周期中持续更新。主要来自小鼠模型的数据表明，脂肪细胞起源于主要存在于脂肪组织血管周围区域的前体细胞，但其确切来源仍不清楚。骨髓中的细胞亚群具有多能分化能力，这促使人们提出假说，即骨髓来源的细胞（BMDCs）也可能对外周脂肪库中的脂肪细胞池有贡献。这一观点最初在小鼠移植模型中得到证实，然而，随后的动物研究结果相互矛盾，引发了关于BMDCs是否真的分化为脂肪细胞或只是与驻留脂肪细胞融合的争论。最近，在两项对接受骨髓移植的人类受试者的研究中解决了这一争议。通过结合不同的检测方法，这些数据表明骨髓对至少10%的脂肪细胞池有贡献。在肥胖状态下，这一比例会翻倍，表明BMDCs可能构成脂肪生成的储备池，尤其是在体重增加时。这篇综述讨论了这些发现对人类病理生理学的可能机制及相关性。
