Hernández-Alonso Pablo, Cañueto Daniel, Giardina Simona, Salas-Salvadó Jordi, Cañellas Nicolau, Correig Xavier, Bulló Mònica
Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Metabolomics Platform, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; CIBERDEM, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Barcelona, Spain.
J Nutr Biochem. 2017 Jul;45:48-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.04.002. Epub 2017 Apr 12.
The specific nutritional composition of nuts could affect different metabolic pathways involved in a broad range of metabolic diseases. We therefore investigated whether chronic consumption of pistachio nuts modifies the urine metabolome in prediabetic subjects. We designed a randomized crossover clinical trial in 39 prediabetic subjects. They consumed a pistachio-supplemented diet (PD, 50% carbohydrates, 33% fat, including 57 g/d of pistachios daily) and a control diet (CD, 55% carbohydrates, 30% fat) for 4 months each, separated by a 2-week wash-out. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NRM) was performed to determine changes in 24-h urine metabolites. Significant changes in urine metabolites according to the different intervention periods were found in uni- and multivariate analysis. Score plot of the first two components of the multilevel partial least squares discriminant analysis (ML-PLS-DA) showed a clear separation of the intervention periods. Three metabolites related with gut microbiota metabolism (i.e., hippurate, p-cresol sulfate and dimethylamine) were found decreased in PD compared with CD (P<.05). Moreover, cis-aconitate [intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)] was also found decreased following PD compared with CD. Intragroup analysis showed that creatinine levels were significantly increased in PD (P=.023), whereas trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) was found significantly reduced following PD (P=.034). Our results suggest that chronic pistachio consumption may modulate some urinary metabolites related to gut microbiota metabolism and the TCA cycle; all associated with metabolic derangements associated with insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes.
坚果的特定营养成分可能会影响广泛的代谢疾病所涉及的不同代谢途径。因此，我们研究了长期食用开心果是否会改变糖尿病前期受试者的尿液代谢组。我们对39名糖尿病前期受试者设计了一项随机交叉临床试验。他们分别食用了4个月的开心果补充饮食（PD，50%碳水化合物，33%脂肪，包括每天57克开心果）和对照饮食（CD，55%碳水化合物，30%脂肪），中间间隔2周的洗脱期。进行核磁共振（NRM）以确定24小时尿液代谢物的变化。在单变量和多变量分析中发现，根据不同的干预期，尿液代谢物有显著变化。多级偏最小二乘判别分析（ML-PLS-DA）前两个成分的得分图显示干预期有明显分离。与CD相比，PD中三种与肠道微生物群代谢相关的代谢物（即马尿酸盐、对甲酚硫酸盐和二甲胺）减少（P<0.05）。此外，与CD相比，PD后顺乌头酸[三羧酸（TCA）的中间体]也减少。组内分析显示，PD中肌酐水平显著升高（P=0.023），而PD后三甲胺N-氧化物（TMAO）显著降低（P=0.034）。我们的结果表明，长期食用开心果可能会调节一些与肠道微生物群代谢和TCA循环相关的尿液代谢物；所有这些都与胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病相关的代谢紊乱有关。
