Qadir Muhammad Imran, Ahmed Zara
Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2017;27(1):47-51. doi: 10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2017019386.
Obesity is metabolic disorder that increases the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and other metabolic syndromes in human beings. One sign of diabetes is increased blood glucose levels in the body. Glucose levels increase due to problems with insulin secretion or insulin resistance. Maturity onset of diabetes of the young is more common in adults and occurs due to insulin resistance. Both diabetes and obesity are major problems that are responsible for the death of millions of individuals every year, worldwide. Leptin, a 164-KDa hormone that is secreted by white adipose tissue, is a product of the lep gene. Mutation in lep decreases leptin concentration and increases obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Leptin has been shown to produce positive effects on hunger, energy expenditure, and behavior and is thus useful in the treatment of obesity and type-2 diabetes. Leptin controls appetite through its effect on the hypothalamus in the brain. Both leptin and insulin regulate appetite, body weight, and glucose levels in the body.
肥胖是一种代谢紊乱疾病，会增加人类患糖尿病、心脏病和其他代谢综合征的风险。糖尿病的一个迹象是体内血糖水平升高。由于胰岛素分泌或胰岛素抵抗问题，血糖水平会升高。青年发病的成年型糖尿病在成年人中更为常见，是由胰岛素抵抗引起的。糖尿病和肥胖都是重大问题，每年在全球导致数百万人死亡。瘦素是一种由白色脂肪组织分泌的164千道尔顿的激素，是lep基因的产物。lep基因突变会降低瘦素浓度，增加肥胖和2型糖尿病的发生几率。瘦素已被证明对饥饿、能量消耗和行为有积极影响，因此对治疗肥胖和2型糖尿病有用。瘦素通过对大脑下丘脑的作用来控制食欲。瘦素和胰岛素都调节食欲、体重和体内葡萄糖水平。
