Micó Víctor, Berninches Laura, Tapia Javier, Daimiel Lidia
Nutritional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity Fundation IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, CEU San Pablo University, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Apr 26;18(5):915. doi: 10.3390/ijms18050915.
Current sociodemographic predictions point to a demographic shift in developed and developing countries that will result in an unprecedented increase of the elderly population. This will be accompanied by an increase in age-related conditions that will strongly impair human health and quality of life. For this reason, aging is a major concern worldwide. Healthy aging depends on a combination of individual genetic factors and external environmental factors. Diet has been proved to be a powerful tool to modulate aging and caloric restriction has emerged as a valuable intervention in this regard. However, many questions about how a controlled caloric restriction intervention affects aging-related processes are still unanswered. Nutrient sensing pathways become deregulated with age and lose effectiveness with age. These pathways are a link between diet and aging. Thus, fully understanding this link is a mandatory step before bringing caloric restriction into practice. MicroRNAs have emerged as important regulators of cellular functions and can be modified by diet. Some microRNAs target genes encoding proteins and enzymes belonging to the nutrient sensing pathways and, therefore, may play key roles in the modulation of the aging process. In this review, we aimed to show the relationship between diet, nutrient sensing pathways and microRNAs in the context of aging.
当前的社会人口统计学预测表明，发达国家和发展中国家正在经历人口结构转变，这将导致老年人口前所未有的增长。随之而来的是与年龄相关疾病的增加，这将严重损害人类健康和生活质量。因此，老龄化是全球主要关注的问题。健康老龄化取决于个体遗传因素和外部环境因素的综合作用。饮食已被证明是调节衰老的有力工具，热量限制已成为这方面有价值的干预措施。然而，关于热量限制干预如何影响衰老相关过程的许多问题仍未得到解答。营养感应通路会随着年龄增长而失调，且功能随年龄下降。这些通路是饮食与衰老之间的联系。因此，在将热量限制付诸实践之前，充分理解这种联系是必不可少的一步。微小RNA已成为细胞功能的重要调节因子，并且可以被饮食所改变。一些微小RNA靶向编码属于营养感应通路的蛋白质和酶的基因，因此可能在衰老过程的调节中发挥关键作用。在本综述中，我们旨在阐述衰老背景下饮食、营养感应通路和微小RNA之间的关系。
