Wondemagegn Amsalu Taye, Bizuayehu Habtamu Mellie, Abie Dagninet Derebe, Ayalneh Getachew Mengistu, Tiruye Tenaw Yimer, Tessema Mequanint Taddele
Departm n of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University.
Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University.
J Public Health Res. 2017 Apr 13;6(1):834. doi: 10.4081/jphr.2017.834.
Currently, diabetes is the second most common non-communicable disease (NCD) in Ethiopia. Its burden is 4.8% in this country, even though three quarter of its population live with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM), which causes complications like heart failure, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves damages. Early detection of DM is vital for a timely intervention to prevent these life threatening complications. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of undiagnosed DM and related factors in East Gojjam, North West Ethiopia, in 2016.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 757 individuals in East Gojjam from June to September 2016. The sampled population was selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method. Basic data were collected in Amharic (local language) and a pretested interviewer administered the questionnaire. Peripheral blood samples were collected by puncturing the ring finger in order to measure fasting blood glucose. Univarite and multivariate logistic regressions analysis were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0.
The percentage of undiagnosed DM in the study area was 11.5% (95%CI=9.2, 13.7). The prevalence was 11.3% among male . 11.8% among female; 13.4% in urban areas . 10.3% in rural areas. The occurrence of undiagnosed DM was mainly associated with older age (AOR=5.99, 95%CI=1.54, 23.24), family history of diabetes (AOR=9.86, 95%CI=4.25, 22.89), history of gestational diabetes (AOR=3.01, 95%CI=1.17, 8.39) and sedentary behaviour >4 hours per day (AOR=2.13, 95%CI=1.04, 4.34). Being non-smoker (AOR=0.05, 95%CI=0.01, 0.17) and unmarried (AOR=0.09, 95%CI=0.02, 0.42) were also predictive characteristics for undiagnosed DM in the study area.
In conclusion, this study revealed a relatively high prevalence of undiagnosed DM in the study area. The occurrence of undiagnosed DM was significantly higher when associated with the age of the participants, their marital status, history of hypertension, diabetes family history, history of gestational diabetes mellitus, current smoking practices and sedentary behaviour. Thus, efforts have to be made, particularly by the individuals involved in health practice, to early detect the disease and thereby initiate a suitable therapeutic service, before complications arise.
目前，糖尿病是埃塞俄比亚第二常见的非传染性疾病。该国糖尿病负担率为4.8%，尽管四分之三的人口患有未确诊的糖尿病，这会导致心力衰竭、血管、眼睛、肾脏和神经损伤等并发症。早期发现糖尿病对于及时干预以预防这些危及生命的并发症至关重要。本研究的目的是评估2016年埃塞俄比亚西北部东戈贾姆地区未确诊糖尿病及其相关因素的患病率。
2016年6月至9月，在东戈贾姆地区的757名个体中进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用多阶段整群抽样方法选取样本人群。用阿姆哈拉语（当地语言）收集基本数据，并由经过预测试的访谈员发放问卷。通过刺破无名指采集外周血样本以测量空腹血糖。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）20.0版进行单因素和多因素逻辑回归分析。
研究区域内未确诊糖尿病的比例为11.5%（95%置信区间=9.2，13.7）。男性患病率为11.3%，女性为11.8%；城市地区为13.4%，农村地区为10.3%。未确诊糖尿病的发生主要与年龄较大（调整后比值比[AOR]=5.99，95%置信区间=1.54，23.24）、糖尿病家族史（AOR=9.86，95%置信区间=4.25，22.89）、妊娠期糖尿病史（AOR=3.01，95%置信区间=1.17，8.39）以及每天久坐行为>4小时（AOR=2.13，95%置信区间=1.04，4.34）有关。不吸烟（AOR=0.05，95%置信区间=0.01，0.17）和未婚（AOR=0.09，95%置信区间=0.02，0.42）也是研究区域内未确诊糖尿病的预测特征。
总之，本研究揭示了研究区域内未确诊糖尿病的患病率相对较高。未确诊糖尿病的发生在与参与者年龄、婚姻状况、高血压病史、糖尿病家族史、妊娠期糖尿病史以及当前吸烟习惯和久坐行为相关时显著更高。因此，必须做出努力，特别是参与医疗实践的人员，以便在并发症出现之前尽早发现疾病并从而启动适当的治疗服务。
