Chmielewski Jennifer, Carmody J Bryan
Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2017 Sep;19(9):904-909. doi: 10.1111/jch.13014. Epub 2017 May 8.
Both high sodium and low potassium diets are associated with hypertension, but whether these risk factors are distinct or overlapping has not been thoroughly investigated. The authors evaluated the relationship between dietary sodium, potassium, and high systolic blood pressure among 4716 adolescents aged 12 to 14 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2012. There was no association with blood pressure across most values of sodium or potassium intake. However, participants who reported sodium intake ≥7500 mg/d, potassium <700 mg/d, or sodium-potassium ratio ≥2.5 had increased odds for high systolic blood pressure (≥95th percentile for age, sex, and height). Although the high sodium and low potassium groups did not overlap, 49.2% of these adolescents also had a sodium-potassium ratio ≥2.5. In young adolescents, both excessive sodium and limited potassium are associated with high systolic blood pressure, but the balance between sodium and potassium intake may be more useful in explaining blood pressure in this population.
高钠饮食和低钾饮食均与高血压相关，但这些风险因素是截然不同还是相互重叠，尚未得到充分研究。作者评估了1999年至2012年参加国家健康与营养检查调查的4716名12至14岁青少年的饮食钠、钾与高收缩压之间的关系。在大多数钠或钾摄入量水平上，与血压均无关联。然而，报告钠摄入量≥7500毫克/天、钾<700毫克/天或钠钾比≥2.5的参与者，高收缩压（年龄、性别和身高的第95百分位数及以上）的几率增加。尽管高钠组和低钾组没有重叠，但这些青少年中有49.2%的钠钾比也≥2.5。在青少年中，过量的钠和有限的钾均与高收缩压相关，但钠和钾摄入量之间的平衡可能更有助于解释该人群的血压情况。
