Sviatkó Katalin, Hangya Balázs
Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Cellular and Network Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine - Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary.
János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary.
Front Neural Circuits. 2017 Apr 27;11:31. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00031. eCollection 2017.
Some neurons are more equal than others: neuroscience relies heavily on the notion that there is a division of labor among different subtypes of brain cells. Therefore, it is important to recognize groups of neurons that participate in the same computation or share similar tasks. However, what the best ways are to identify such collections is not yet clear. Here, we argue that monitoring the activity of genetically defined cell types will lead to new insights about neural mechanisms and improve our understanding of disease vulnerability. Through highlighting how central cholinergic neurons encode reward and punishment that can be captured by a unified framework of reinforcement surprise, we hope to provide an instructive example of how studying a genetically defined cell type may further our understanding of neural function.
神经科学严重依赖于这样一种观念，即不同类型的脑细胞之间存在分工。因此，识别参与相同计算或承担相似任务的神经元群体很重要。然而，目前尚不清楚识别这些神经元群体的最佳方法是什么。在此，我们认为监测基因定义的细胞类型的活动将带来关于神经机制的新见解，并增进我们对疾病易感性的理解。通过强调中枢胆碱能神经元如何编码奖励和惩罚，而这些可以通过强化意外的统一框架来捕捉，我们希望提供一个有启发性的例子，说明研究基因定义的细胞类型如何能进一步加深我们对神经功能的理解。
