Kuszewski Julia C, Wong Rachel H X, Howe Peter R C
Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Nutrients. 2017 May 12;9(5):487. doi: 10.3390/nu9050487.
Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3 PUFA) may improve brain functions by acting on endothelial cells in the cerebrovasculature to facilitate vasodilatation and perfusion. The aim of this review is to explore this hypothesis by analyzing the effect of LCn-3 PUFA supplementation on systemic vasodilator and cognitive function and finding evidence to link LCn-3 PUFA intake, vasodilator function and cognition. Forty randomized controlled trials examining the effect of LCn-3 PUFA supplementation in humans on either endothelial vasodilator function or cognition were identified and pooled effects measured with a weighted analysis. Compared to placebo, LCn-3 PUFA tended to increase flow-mediated dilatation and significantly improved cognitive function. Emerging evidence links vasodilator dysfunction to cognitive impairment, but evidence that LCn-3 PUFA can improve cognition through enhancements of vasodilator function is still lacking. Further research is needed to determine: (1) whether LCn-3 PUFA can enhance dilatation of cerebral vessels; (2) if improvements in cerebrovascular responsiveness by LCn-3 PUFA are accompanied by cognitive benefits; and (3) the target population groups.
长链ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（LCn-3 PUFA）可能通过作用于脑血管系统中的内皮细胞来促进血管舒张和灌注，从而改善脑功能。本综述的目的是通过分析补充LCn-3 PUFA对全身血管舒张功能和认知功能的影响，并寻找证据来关联LCn-3 PUFA的摄入、血管舒张功能和认知，以探讨这一假说。我们检索并确定了40项关于补充LCn-3 PUFA对人体内皮血管舒张功能或认知影响的随机对照试验，并采用加权分析来衡量合并效应。与安慰剂相比，LCn-3 PUFA倾向于增加血流介导的血管舒张，并显著改善认知功能。新出现的证据将血管舒张功能障碍与认知障碍联系起来，但仍缺乏LCn-3 PUFA可通过增强血管舒张功能来改善认知的证据。需要进一步研究来确定：（1）LCn-3 PUFA是否能增强脑血管的舒张；（2）LCn-3 PUFA改善脑血管反应性是否伴随着认知益处；以及（3）目标人群。
