Smarting, Ingeniería de Servicios Urbanos, S.L.P., Murcia, Spain.
Department of Civil Engineering, ETS Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos. University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Waste Manag. 2017 Sep;67:360-374. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.05.003. Epub 2017 May 10.
The application of Directive 2008/98/CE on Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) implies the need to introduce technologies to generate energy from waste. Incineration, the most widely used method, is difficult to implement in low populated areas because it requires a large amount of waste to be viable (100,000 tons per year). This paper analyses the economic and environmental costs of different MSW-to-Energy technologies (WtE) in an area comprising of 13 municipalities in southern Spain. We analyse anaerobic digestion (Biomethanization), the production of solid recovered fuel (SRF) and gasification, and compare these approaches to the present Biological Mechanical Treatment (BMT) with elimination of the reject in landfill, and incineration with energy recovery. From an economic standpoint the implementation of WtE systems reduces the cost of running present BMT systems and incineration; gasification presents the lowest value. From the environmental standpoint, Life Cycle Assessment shows that any WtE alternatives, including incineration, present important advantages for the environment when compared to BMT. Finally, in order to select the best alternative, a multi-criteria method is applied, showing that anaerobic digestion is the optimal solution for the area studied.
指令 2008/98/CE 关于城市固体废物（MSW）的应用意味着需要引入废物能源技术。焚烧是最广泛使用的方法，但在人口稀少的地区难以实施，因为它需要大量的废物才能可行（每年 10 万吨）。本文分析了西班牙南部 13 个城市的不同城市固体废物能源化技术（WtE）的经济和环境成本。我们分析了厌氧消化（生物甲烷化）、固体回收燃料（SRF）和气化，并将这些方法与目前的生物机械处理（BMT）进行比较，后者将垃圾去除物送往垃圾填埋场，而焚烧则可回收能源。从经济角度来看，实施 WtE 系统可以降低现有 BMT 系统和焚烧的运行成本；气化的价值最低。从环境角度来看，生命周期评估表明，与 BMT 相比，任何 WtE 替代品，包括焚烧，都对环境有重要的优势。最后，为了选择最佳的替代方案，应用了多标准方法，表明厌氧消化是研究区域的最佳解决方案。
