Nemati Saeed, Rafei Ali, Freedman Neal D, Fotouhi Akbar, Asgary Fereshteh, Zendehdel Kazem
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. of Iran, Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University Medical of Sciences, Tehran, I. R. of Iran.
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University Medical of Sciences, Tehran, I. R. of Iran.
Arch Iran Med. 2017 May;20(5):295-301.
To assess the geographical distribution and time trends of manufactured cigarette and water-pipe use among Iranian adult population.
Pooled data from four consecutive nationally and provincially representative STEPS surveys, 2006-2009, were analyzed. Prevalence of current daily manufactured cigarette smokers, current daily water-pipe and current daily dual users and associated 95%CIs were estimated using complex sample analysis techniques.
Overall, the prevalence of current daily tobacco use, including cigarette and water-pipe, was estimated 23.7% for men and 3.0% for women, in which 20.2% of men and 0.8% of women were exclusively cigarette smokers, 2.7% and 2.2% were exclusively water-pipe users, and 0.6% and 0.01% smoked both cigarettes and water-pipes. The prevalence of cigarette smoking ranged from 12.3% to 27.7% in men and 0.1% to 1.8% in women, and was generally highest in the northwest of the country. Conversely, the prevalence of water-pipe smoking ranged from 1.7% to 10.9% in men and 0% to 16.8% in women, and was highest in the south and southeast. No secular trends were observed for daily cigarette smoking in either men (P = 0.637) or women (P = 0.308) from 2006 to 2009. However, the prevalence of water-pipe decreased slightly in women (P = 0.012) and men (P = 0.055), though the later was not statistically significant.
In Iran, widespread geographical variation in the use of different types of tobacco products should be taken into account when planning for tobacco prevention policies and programs. Iran may serve as an important setting for etiological studies to examine the effects of long-term water pipe use on diseases.
评估伊朗成年人群中机制卷烟和水烟使用的地理分布及时间趋势。
分析了2006 - 2009年连续四次具有全国和省级代表性的“全球成人烟草调查（STEPS）”的汇总数据。采用复杂样本分析技术估计当前每日机制卷烟吸烟者、当前每日水烟使用者、当前每日同时使用两种烟草制品者的患病率及相关的95%置信区间。
总体而言，当前每日使用烟草（包括卷烟和水烟）的患病率估计男性为23.7%，女性为3.0%，其中20.2%的男性和0.8%的女性仅吸卷烟，2.7%的男性和2.2%的女性仅吸水烟，0.6%的男性和0.01%的女性既吸卷烟又吸水烟。男性吸烟率在12.3%至27.7%之间，女性在0.1%至1.8%之间，且在该国西北部通常最高。相反，水烟吸食率男性在1.7%至10.9%之间，女性在0%至16.8%之间，且在南部和东南部最高。2006年至2009年期间，男性（P = 0.637）和女性（P = 0.308）的每日卷烟吸烟率均未观察到长期趋势。然而，水烟使用率在女性中略有下降（P = 0.012），在男性中也有下降（P = 0.055），尽管后者无统计学意义。
在伊朗，制定烟草预防政策和项目时应考虑不同类型烟草制品使用的广泛地理差异。伊朗可能是开展病因学研究以检验长期使用水烟对疾病影响的重要场所。
