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21世纪第一个十年巴西城市的水氟化处理

Water fluoridation in Brazilian cities at the first decade of the 21st century.

作者信息

Frazão Paulo, Narvai Paulo Capel

机构信息

Departamento de Política, Gestão e Saúde. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

出版信息

Rev Saude Publica. 2017 May 15;51(0):47. doi: 10.1590/S1518-8787.2017051006372.

DOI:10.1590/S1518-8787.2017051006372
PMID:28513762
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5425242/
Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To assess the coverage of the fluoridation of the public water supply in Brazilian municipalities at the first decade of the 21st century, according to population size and municipal human development index (MHDI).

METHODS

We have used data produced by national information agencies and the United Nations Development Programme. Population size was separated into < 10,000, 10,000-50,000, and > 50,000 inhabitants. The MHDI was classified into < 0.600, 0.600-0.699, 0.700-0.799, and > 0.799. Absolute and relative inequalities between categories were evaluated using indicators of effect and total impact.

RESULTS

We have obtained information for 5,558 municipalities. The coverage rate of water fluoridation increased from 67.7% to 76.3%. Approximately 884 (15.9%) municipalities and 29,600,000 inhabitants started being benefited by the measure. We have observed a significant expansion in municipalities with < 10,000 inhabitants (increase of 21.0 percentage points) and low or very low MHDI (17.7 percentage points).

CONCLUSIONS

Population coverage of the public policy has increased 8.6%, and we can also see significant reductions in absolute and relative inequality according to population size and MHDI. Regarding municipal coverage rate, there was also a reduction in inequality in all comparisons except for absolute inequality between the categories of MHDI. The public policy has operated as a factor of health protection in the context of the ongoing social protection policies in the country.

OBJETIVO

Avaliar a cobertura da fluoretação da água de abastecimento público em municípios brasileiros na primeira década do século XXI, segundo porte demográfico e nível de desenvolvimento humano municipal (IDH-M).

MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados produzidos por agências nacionais de informação e pelo Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento. O porte demográfico foi separado em < 10 mil; 10-50 mil; > 50 mil habitantes. O IDH-M foi classificado em < 0,600; 0,600-0,699; 0,700-0,799; > 0,799. As desigualdades absoluta e relativa entre as categorias foram avaliadas por meio de indicadores de efeito e de impacto total.

RESULTADOS

Foram obtidas informações para 5.558 municípios. A taxa de cobertura da fluoretação da água aumentou de 67,7% para 76,3%. Passaram a ser beneficiados pela medida 884 (15,9%) municípios, e 29,6 milhões de habitantes. Observou-se ampliação expressiva em municípios com < 10 mil habitantes (aumento de 21,0 pontos percentuais) e com IDH-M baixo ou muito baixo (17,7 pontos percentuais).

CONCLUSÕES: A cobertura populacional da política pública aumentou 8,6%, sendo expressivas as reduções das desigualdades absoluta e relativa segundo o porte demográfico e o IDH-M. Quanto à taxa de cobertura municipal, houve também redução da desigualdade em todas as comparações com exceção da desigualdade absoluta entre as categorias de IDH-M. A política pública operou como fator de proteção sanitária no contexto das políticas de proteção social em curso no país.

摘要

目的

根据人口规模和城市人类发展指数(MHDI),评估21世纪第一个十年巴西各城市公共供水氟化的覆盖情况。

方法

我们使用了国家信息机构和联合国开发计划署提供的数据。人口规模分为居民人数<10000、10000 - 50000和>50000。MHDI分为<0.600、0.600 - 0.699、0.700 - 0.799和>0.799。使用效应指标和总影响指标评估各类别之间的绝对和相对不平等。

结果

我们获取了5558个城市的信息。水氟化覆盖率从67.7%提高到了76.3%。约884个(15.9%)城市和2960万居民开始受益于该措施。我们观察到居民人数<10000的城市(增加21.0个百分点)以及MHDI低或非常低的城市(增加17.7个百分点)有显著扩张。

结论

公共政策的人口覆盖率提高了8.6%,并且根据人口规模和MHDI,绝对和相对不平等也有显著降低。关于城市覆盖率,除了MHDI类别之间的绝对不平等外,所有比较中的不平等都有所减少。在该国正在实施的社会保护政策背景下,该公共政策起到了卫生保护因素的作用。

目标

根据人口规模和城市人类发展指数(IDH - M),评估21世纪第一个十年巴西各城市公共供水氟化的覆盖情况。

方法

使用国家信息机构和联合国开发计划署提供的数据。人口规模分为居民人数<10000;10000 - 50000;>50000。IDH - M分为<0.600;0.600 - 0.699;0.700 - 0.799;>0.799。通过效应指标和总影响指标评估各类别之间的绝对和相对不平等。

结果

获取了5558个城市的信息。水氟化覆盖率从67.7%提高到了76.3%。884个(15.9%)城市和2960万居民开始受益于该措施。观察到居民人数<10000的城市(增加21.0个百分点)以及IDH - M低或非常低的城市(增加17.7个百分点)有显著扩张。

结论

公共政策的人口覆盖率提高了8.6%,根据人口规模和IDH - M,绝对和相对不平等的减少很显著。关于城市覆盖率,除了IDH - M类别之间的绝对不平等外,所有比较中的不平等都有所减少。在该国正在实施的社会保护政策背景下,该公共政策起到了卫生保护因素的作用。

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