Minaker Leia M, Bonham Aaron, Elton-Marshall Tara, Leos-Toro Cesar, Wild T Cameron, Hammond David
Affiliations: School of Planning, Faculty of Environment (Minaker); Propel Centre for Population Health Impact (Minaker, Bonham), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; Institute for Mental Health Policy Research (Elton-Marshall), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, London, Ont.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Elton-Marshall), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Public Health and Health Systems (Leos-Toro, Hammond), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont.; School of Public Health (Wild), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
CMAJ Open. 2017 May 12;5(2):E386-E394. doi: 10.9778/cmajo.20160168.
Consequences of alcohol- and drug-impaired driving affect youth disproportionately. We describe individual- and area-level characteristics associated with risky driving and passenger behaviours among grade 9-12 students in Canada.
The 2014-2015 Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drug Survey was administered to 24 650 students in provincially generalizable samples. Dichotomous outcomes included ever and last-30-day driving after drinking alcohol, ever and last-30-day driving after using marijuana, and ever and last-30-day reporting of being a passenger with a driver who had been drinking or using marijuana.
A total of 9.1% (99% confidence interval 7.9-10.3) of grade 11-12 students reported ever driving after drinking, and 9.4% (99% confidence interval 8.3-10.4) reported ever driving after using marijuana. Almost half (48%) of grade 11-12 students reported ever participating in any risky driving or passenger behaviour. Over one-third (35%) of grade 9-12 students reported ever riding with a driver who had been drinking, and 20% reported ever riding with a driver who had been using marijuana. Logistic regression models showed that boys had higher odds of risky driving behaviours relative to girls, whereas girls had higher odds of risky passenger behaviours relative to boys. Students from rural schools had higher odds of drinking and driving and of riding with a driver who had drunk relative to students from urban schools. There were significant differences in risky driving and passenger behaviours by province.
A substantial number of Canadian youth reported risky driving and passenger behaviours, which varied by individual and area-level characteristics. Federal marijuana policy should aim to reduce the prevalence of drug-impaired driving. Additional provincial policies to prevent impaired driving are needed.
酒精和药物影响下驾驶的后果对青少年的影响尤为严重。我们描述了与加拿大9至12年级学生危险驾驶及乘客行为相关的个体和地区层面特征。
2014 - 2015年加拿大学生烟草、酒精和药物调查针对省级具有普遍代表性的样本中的24650名学生进行。二分结果包括曾经及过去30天内饮酒后驾驶、使用大麻后驾驶，以及曾经及过去30天内报告自己是与饮酒或使用大麻的司机同乘的乘客。
11至12年级学生中，共有9.1%（99%置信区间7.9 - 10.3）报告曾经饮酒后驾驶，9.4%（99%置信区间8.3 - 10.4）报告曾经使用大麻后驾驶。几乎一半（48%）的11至12年级学生报告曾经参与任何危险驾驶或乘客行为。9至12年级学生中超过三分之一（35%）报告曾经与饮酒的司机同乘，20%报告曾经与使用大麻的司机同乘。逻辑回归模型显示，相对于女孩，男孩危险驾驶行为的几率更高，而相对于男孩，女孩危险乘客行为的几率更高。农村学校的学生相对于城市学校的学生，饮酒后驾驶以及与饮酒司机同乘的几率更高。不同省份在危险驾驶和乘客行为方面存在显著差异。
大量加拿大青少年报告了危险驾驶和乘客行为，这些行为因个体和地区层面特征而异。联邦大麻政策应旨在降低药物影响下驾驶的发生率。还需要更多省级政策来预防酒后驾驶。
