Lynd Lee R, Liang Xiaoyu, Biddy Mary J, Allee Andrew, Cai Hao, Foust Thomas, Himmel Michael E, Laser Mark S, Wang Michael, Wyman Charles E
Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States.
Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2017 Jun;45:202-211. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.03.008. Epub 2017 May 18.
Although the purchase price of cellulosic feedstocks is competitive with petroleum on an energy basis, the cost of lignocellulose conversion to ethanol using today's technology is high. Cost reductions can be pursued via either in-paradigm or new-paradigm innovation. As an example of new-paradigm innovation, consolidated bioprocessing using thermophilic bacteria combined with milling during fermentation (cotreatment) is analyzed. Acknowledging the nascent state of this approach, our analysis indicates potential for radically improved cost competitiveness and feasibility at smaller scale compared to current technology, arising from (a) R&D-driven advances (consolidated bioprocessing with cotreatment in lieu of thermochemical pretreatment and added fungal cellulase), and (b) configurational changes (fuel pellet coproduction instead of electricity, gas boiler(s) in lieu of a solid fuel boiler).
尽管从能源角度来看，纤维素原料的采购价格与石油具有竞争力，但使用当今技术将木质纤维素转化为乙醇的成本很高。可以通过范式内创新或新范式创新来降低成本。作为新范式创新的一个例子，分析了使用嗜热细菌结合发酵过程中的研磨（共处理）进行的整合生物加工。认识到这种方法尚处于起步阶段，我们的分析表明，与当前技术相比，在较小规模上有可能从根本上提高成本竞争力和可行性，这源于（a）研发驱动的进步（采用共处理的整合生物加工代替热化学预处理和添加真菌纤维素酶），以及（b）结构变化（联产燃料颗粒而非电力，用燃气锅炉代替固体燃料锅炉）。
