Somekawa S, Mine T, Ono K, Hayashi N, Obuchi S, Yoshida H, Kawai H, Fujiwara Y, Hirano H, Kojima M, Ihara K, Kim H
Hunkyung Kim, Research Team for Promoting Independence of the Elderly, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan, Tel: +81-3-3964-3241(ext.4212), Fax: +81-3-39642316, Email:
J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21(6):710-714. doi: 10.1007/s12603-016-0836-5.
Aging anorexia, defined as loss of appetite and/or reduced food intake, has been postulated as a risk factor for frailty. Impairments of taste and smell perception in elderly people can lead to reduced enjoyment of food and contribute to the anorexia of aging.
To evaluate the relationship between frailty and taste and smell perception in elderly people living in urban areas.
Data from the baseline evaluation of 768 residents aged ≥ 65 years who enrolled in a comprehensive geriatric health examination survey was analyzed. Fourteen out of 29-items of Appetite, Hunger, Sensory Perception questionnaire (AHSP), frailty, age, sex, BMI, chronic conditions and IADL were evaluated. AHSP was analyzed as the total score of 8 taste items (T) and 6 smell items (S). Frailty was diagnosed using a modified Fried's frailty criteria.
The area under the receiver operator curves for detection of frailty demonstrated that T (0.715) had moderate accuracy, but S (0.657) had low accuracy. The cutoffs, sensitivity, specificity and Youden Index (YI) values for each perception were T: Cutoff 26.5 (YI: 0.350, sensitivity: 0.639, specificity: 0.711) and S: Cutoff 18.5 (YI: 0.246, sensitivity: 0.690, specificity: 0.556). Results from multiple logistic regression models, after adjusting for age, sex, IADL and chronic conditions showed that participants under the T cutoff were associated with exhaustion and those below the S cutoff were associated with slow walking speed. The adjusted logistic models for age, sex, IADL and chronic conditions showed significant association between T and frailty (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.29-6.12), but not between S and frailty (OR 1.73, 95% CI 0.83-3.63).
Taste and smell perception, particularly taste perception, were associated with a greater risk of frailty in community-dwelling elderly people. These results suggest that lower taste and smell perception may be an indicator of frailty in old age.
衰老性厌食症被定义为食欲不振和/或食物摄入量减少，被认为是虚弱的一个风险因素。老年人味觉和嗅觉感知功能受损会导致对食物的享受度降低，并促使衰老性厌食症的发生。
评估城市地区老年人虚弱与味觉和嗅觉感知之间的关系。
分析了768名年龄≥65岁、参加综合老年健康检查调查的居民的基线评估数据。对食欲、饥饿、感官感知问卷（AHSP）29个项目中的14项、虚弱、年龄、性别、体重指数、慢性病和日常生活活动能力进行了评估。AHSP被分析为8个味觉项目（T）和6个嗅觉项目（S）的总分。采用改良的弗里德虚弱标准诊断虚弱。
检测虚弱的受试者工作特征曲线下面积显示，T（0.715）具有中等准确性，但S（0.657）准确性较低。每种感知的临界值、敏感性、特异性和约登指数（YI）值分别为：T：临界值26.5（YI：0.350，敏感性：0.639，特异性：0.711）；S：临界值18.5（YI：0.246，敏感性：0.690，特异性：0.556）。在调整年龄、性别、日常生活活动能力和慢性病后，多元逻辑回归模型的结果显示，T临界值以下的参与者与疲劳相关，S临界值以下的参与者与步行速度慢相关。调整年龄、性别、日常生活活动能力和慢性病的逻辑模型显示，T与虚弱之间存在显著关联（比值比2.81，95%置信区间1.29 - 6.12），但S与虚弱之间无显著关联（比值比1.73，95%置信区间0.83 - 3.63）。
味觉和嗅觉感知，尤其是味觉感知，与社区居住老年人虚弱风险增加有关。这些结果表明，较低的味觉和嗅觉感知可能是老年虚弱的一个指标。
