Bortey-Sam Nesta, Ikenaka Yoshinori, Akoto Osei, Nakayama Shouta M M, Asante Kwadwo A, Baidoo Elvis, Obirikorang Christian, Saengtienchai Aksorn, Isoda Norikazu, Nimako Collins, Mizukawa Hazuki, Ishizuka Mayumi
Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Environ Pollut. 2017 Sep;228:311-320. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.036. Epub 2017 May 25.
Studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and its metabolites in PM10, soils, rat livers and cattle urine in Kumasi, Ghana, revealed high concentrations and cancer potency. In addition, WHO and IARC have reported an increase in cancer incidence and respiratory diseases in Ghana. Human urine were therefore collected from urban and control sites to: assess the health effects associated with PAHs exposure using malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG); identify any association between OH-PAHs, MDA, 8-OHdG with age and sex; and determine the relationship between PAHs exposure and occurrence of respiratory diseases. From the results, urinary concentrations of the sum of OH-PAHs (∑OHPAHs) were significantly higher from urban sites compared to the control site. Geometric mean concentrations adjusted by specific gravity, GM, indicated 2-OHNaphthalene (2-OHNap) (6.01 ± 4.21 ng/mL) as the most abundant OH-PAH, and exposure could be through the use of naphthalene-containing-mothballs in drinking water purification, insect repellent, freshener in clothes and/or "treatment of various ailments". The study revealed that exposure to naphthalene significantly increases the occurrence of persistent cough (OR = 2.68, CI: 1.43-5.05), persistent headache (OR = 1.82, CI: 1.02-3.26), tachycardia (OR = 3.36, CI: 1.39-8.10) and dyspnea (OR = 3.07, CI: 1.27-7.43) in Kumasi residents. Highest level of urinary 2-OHNap (224 ng/mL) was detected in a female, who reported symptoms of persistent cough, headache, tachycardia, nasal congestion and inflammation, all of which are symptoms of naphthalene exposure according to USEPA. The ∑OHPAHs, 2-OHNap, 2-3-OHFluorenes, and -OHPhenanthrenes showed a significantly positive correlation with MDA and 4-OHPhenanthrene with 8-OHdG, indicating possible lipid peroxidation/cell damage or degenerative disease in some participants. MDA and 8-OHdG were highest in age group 21-60. The present study showed a significant sex difference with higher levels of urinary OH-PAHs in females than males.
对加纳库马西的细颗粒物（PM10）、土壤、大鼠肝脏和牛尿液中的多环芳烃（PAHs）及其代谢物进行的研究表明，其浓度很高且具有致癌潜力。此外，世界卫生组织（WHO）和国际癌症研究机构（IARC）报告称，加纳的癌症发病率和呼吸道疾病有所增加。因此，从城市和对照地点收集了人类尿液，以：使用丙二醛（MDA）和8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）评估与PAHs暴露相关的健康影响；确定羟基多环芳烃（OH-PAHs）、MDA、8-OHdG与年龄和性别之间的任何关联；并确定PAHs暴露与呼吸道疾病发生之间的关系。结果显示，与对照地点相比，城市地点的OH-PAHs总和（∑OHPAHs）的尿液浓度显著更高。经比重调整后的几何平均浓度GM表明，2-羟基萘（2-OHNap）（6.01±4.21 ng/mL）是最丰富的OH-PAH，暴露可能是通过在饮用水净化、驱虫剂、衣物清新剂和/或“治疗各种疾病”中使用含萘的樟脑丸。该研究表明，接触萘会显著增加库马西居民持续性咳嗽（OR = 2.68，CI：1.43 - 5.05）、持续性头痛（OR = 1.82，CI：1.02 - 3.26）、心动过速（OR = 3.36，CI：1.39 - 8.10）和呼吸困难（OR = 3.07，CI：1.27 - 7.43）的发生率。在一名女性中检测到最高水平的尿液2-OHNap（224 ng/mL），该女性报告有持续性咳嗽、头痛、心动过速、鼻塞和炎症症状，根据美国环境保护局（USEPA）的说法，所有这些都是萘暴露的症状。∑OHPAHs、2-OHNap、2,3-二羟基芴和羟基菲与MDA呈显著正相关，4-羟基菲与8-OHdG呈显著正相关，表明一些参与者可能存在脂质过氧化/细胞损伤或退行性疾病。MDA和8-OHdG在21 - 60岁年龄组中最高。本研究显示出显著的性别差异，女性尿液中的OH-PAHs水平高于男性。
