Miles Gandarvaka, Siega-Riz Anna Maria
Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
Pediatrics. 2017 Jun;139(6). doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-3290. Epub 2017 May 1.
Nutritional guidance for infants and toddlers is lacking, and the diets of American children in the first 2 years of life are not well characterized.
Cross-sectional data from the NHANES were used to describe the diets of 0- to 23-month-olds in the United States. Participants with complete dietary data were eligible for the analysis ( = 2359). Linear regression models were constructed to identify changes from 2005 to 2008 and from 2009 to 2012 in food and beverage consumption, both overall and within sociodemographic groups.
We observed several trends toward meeting early-feeding recommendations, such as a decline in the prevalence of complementary feeding among 0- to 5-month-olds. However, the prevalence of vegetable consumption was consistently lower than desired (∼25% of 6- to 11-month-olds and 20% of 12- to 23-month-olds had no reported vegetable consumption on dietary recall days in the 2009-2012 set). Subgroup analyses revealed that some trends were limited to certain populations (eg, a decline in juice consumption was observed among 6- to 11-month-old non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks but not among Mexican Americans), and additional trends emerged within groups (eg, the prevalence of breast milk consumption declined among 0- to 5-month-old Mexican Americans).
Although there have been some improvements in the diets of 0- to 23-month-olds in recent years, there are areas in which this population continues to fall short of current recommendations. This underscores the need for additional policy guidance for providers and education for parents and caretakers on helping infants and toddlers achieve healthy diets.
婴幼儿缺乏营养指导，美国儿童在出生后前两年的饮食情况尚不明确。
使用来自美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的横断面数据来描述美国0至23个月大儿童的饮食。有完整饮食数据的参与者符合分析条件（n = 2359）。构建线性回归模型以确定2005年至2008年以及2009年至2012年期间食品和饮料消费的总体变化以及社会人口学群体内部的变化。
我们观察到了一些朝着符合早期喂养建议的趋势，例如0至5个月大婴儿的辅食喂养患病率下降。然而，蔬菜消费的患病率一直低于预期（在2009 - 2012年的数据集中，6至11个月大的儿童中约25%以及12至23个月大的儿童中约20%在饮食回忆日报告未食用蔬菜）。亚组分析显示，一些趋势仅限于特定人群（例如，6至11个月大的非西班牙裔白人和非西班牙裔黑人的果汁消费量下降，但墨西哥裔美国人中未出现这种情况），并且群体内部出现了其他趋势（例如，0至5个月大的墨西哥裔美国人中母乳喂养的患病率下降）。
尽管近年来0至23个月大儿童的饮食有了一些改善，但在某些方面该人群仍未达到当前建议。这凸显了为提供者提供更多政策指导以及为家长和照顾者提供教育以帮助婴幼儿实现健康饮食的必要性。
