Su Xiaoqi, Patel Nishant, Chen Jun, Chen Ye, Zhou Xin, Mo Xuming, Zhu Shanliang
Department of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Jul 31;24(1):2067. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19588-2.
Evidence on the association between serum vitamin C (sVC) levels and obesity is limited. This study aimed to explore the relationship between sVC and body mass index (BMI) in adolescents aged 12 to 19 years.
We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006, with 3952 participants. sVC and BMI were independent variables and dependent variables, respectively. The associations of sVC with BMI were examined using multivariable linear regression models. Age, sex, and race/ethnicity were analyzed as subgroups. Then, we devised smooth curve fittings and saturation threshold analysis to address the nonlinear relationship.
sVC had a negative correlation with BMI after adjusting for all covariates (β: -1.020, 95% CI: -1.359, -0.680). In the subgroup analysis by age, sex, and race/ethnicity, there was still a negative correlation between sVC and BMI (p < 0.05). The analysis of saturation effects of sVC and BMI showed the relationship between sVC and BMI in female adolescents followed an N-shaped curve, whereas the relationship between sVC and BMI in adolescents aged 12-15 years and Mexican Americans followed a U-shaped curve.
Based on the results, proper vitamin C supplementation may be beneficial to weight loss. However, considering the threshold effect, large-scale and good-quality randomized controlled trials are required to obtain the optimal vitamin C level for weight control.
血清维生素C（sVC）水平与肥胖之间关联的证据有限。本研究旨在探讨12至19岁青少年中sVC与体重指数（BMI）之间的关系。
我们分析了2003 - 2006年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据，共有3952名参与者。sVC和BMI分别作为自变量和因变量。使用多变量线性回归模型检验sVC与BMI的关联。将年龄、性别和种族/民族作为亚组进行分析。然后，我们设计了平滑曲线拟合和饱和阈值分析来处理非线性关系。
在调整所有协变量后，sVC与BMI呈负相关（β：-1.020，95%置信区间：-1.359，-0.680）。在按年龄、性别和种族/民族进行的亚组分析中，sVC与BMI之间仍存在负相关（p < 0.05）。sVC和BMI的饱和效应分析表明，女性青少年中sVC与BMI的关系呈N形曲线，而12 - 15岁青少年和墨西哥裔美国人中sVC与BMI的关系呈U形曲线。
基于这些结果，适当补充维生素C可能有助于减肥。然而，考虑到阈值效应，需要大规模、高质量的随机对照试验来获得用于体重控制的最佳维生素C水平。
