Farris Samantha G, Aston Elizabeth R, Zvolensky Michael J, Abrantes Ana M, Metrik Jane
Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, 345 Blackstone Blvd., Providence, RI 02906, USA; The Miriam Hospital, Centers for Behavioral and Preventative Medicine, 164 Summit St., Providence, RI 02906, USA; Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017 Aug 1;177:59-66. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.020. Epub 2017 May 23.
Behavioral economic measurement of the relative value of tobacco (Cigarette Purchase Task; CPT) is used to examine individual differences in motivation for tobacco under certain contexts. Smokers with psychopathology, relative to those without, may demonstrate stronger demand for tobacco following a period of smoking deprivation, which could account for disparate rates of smoking and cessation among this subgroup.
Participants (n=111) were community-recruited adult daily smokers who completed the CPT after a deprivation period of approximately 60min. Presence of psychopathology was assessed via clinical interview; 40.5% (n=45) of the sample met criteria for past-year psychological diagnosis. Specifically, 31.5% (n=35) had an emotional disorder (anxiety/depressive disorder), 17.1% (n=19) had a substance use disorder, and 19.1% of the sample had more than one disorder.
Smokers with any psychopathology showed significantly higher intensity (demand at unrestricted cost; $0) and O (peak expenditure for a drug) relative to smokers with no psychopathology. Intensity was significantly higher among smokers with an emotional disorder compared to those without. Smokers with a substance use disorder showed significantly higher intensity and O, and lower elasticity, reflecting greater insensitivity to price increases. Having≥2 disorders was associated with higher intensity relative to having 1 or no disorders.
Findings suggest that presence of psychopathology may be associated with greater and more persistent motivation to smoke. Future work is needed to explore the mechanism linking psychopathology to tobacco demand.
烟草相对价值的行为经济学测量（香烟购买任务；CPT）用于检验特定情境下个体对烟草动机的差异。与没有精神病理学问题的吸烟者相比，有精神病理学问题的吸烟者在一段时间的吸烟剥夺后，可能对烟草表现出更强的需求，这可以解释该亚组中不同的吸烟率和戒烟率。
参与者（n = 111）是通过社区招募的成年每日吸烟者，他们在大约60分钟的剥夺期后完成了CPT。通过临床访谈评估精神病理学问题的存在；40.5%（n = 45）的样本符合过去一年心理诊断标准。具体而言，31.5%（n = 35）患有情绪障碍（焦虑/抑郁障碍），17.1%（n = 19）患有物质使用障碍，19.1%的样本患有不止一种障碍。
与没有精神病理学问题的吸烟者相比，有任何精神病理学问题的吸烟者表现出显著更高的强度（无限制成本下的需求；0美元）和O（一种药物的峰值支出）。与没有情绪障碍的吸烟者相比，患有情绪障碍的吸烟者强度显著更高。患有物质使用障碍的吸烟者表现出显著更高的强度和O，以及更低的弹性，反映出对价格上涨的更大不敏感性。与患有1种或没有障碍相比，患有≥2种障碍与更高的强度相关。
研究结果表明，精神病理学问题的存在可能与更大且更持久的吸烟动机相关。需要未来的研究来探索将精神病理学与烟草需求联系起来的机制。
