Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Miodowa 18, Warsaw, 00-246, Poland.
Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2017 Oct;65(5):421-429. doi: 10.1007/s00005-017-0472-8. Epub 2017 Jun 6.
The uniqueness of periodontal diseases is caused by several factors. This group of diseases is caused by numerous bacterial species formed in the dental biofilm, and one cannot distinguish the specific pathogen that is responsible for the disease initiation or progress (though Gram-negative anaerobic rods are associated with the advanced form of the disease). The disease is both infectious and inflammatory in its nature, and in the state of health there is always a subclinical level of inflammatory response, caused by the so-called harmless bacteria. Negligence in oral hygiene may result in maturation of the biofilm and trigger host response, manifesting clinically as gingivitis or-later and in susceptible subjects-as periodontitis. The article presents the contemporary knowledge of the inflammatory reaction occurring in tissues surrounding the tooth during periodontal inflammation. The most important mechanisms are described, together with implications for clinicists.
牙周病的独特性是由多种因素引起的。这组疾病是由在牙菌斑中形成的多种细菌引起的，人们无法区分导致疾病发生或进展的特定病原体（尽管革兰氏阴性厌氧菌与疾病的晚期形式有关）。这种疾病在性质上既是感染性的，也是炎症性的，在健康状态下，总是存在一种由所谓的无害细菌引起的亚临床炎症反应。忽视口腔卫生可能导致生物膜成熟并引发宿主反应，临床上表现为牙龈炎，在易感人群中则表现为牙周炎。本文介绍了在牙周炎发生时牙齿周围组织中发生的炎症反应的现代知识。描述了最重要的机制，并对临床医生提出了建议。
