Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Biological Research Center, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Dec 22;11:747814. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.747814. eCollection 2021.
Periodontitis is caused by pathogenic subgingival microbial biofilm development and dysbiotic interactions between host and hosted microbes. A thorough characterization of the subgingival biofilms by deep amplicon sequencing of 121 individual periodontitis pockets of nine patients and whole metagenomic analysis of the saliva microbial community of the same subjects were carried out. Two biofilm sampling methods yielded similar microbial compositions. Taxonomic mapping of all biofilms revealed three distinct microbial clusters. Two clinical diagnostic parameters, probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), correlated with the cluster mapping. The dysbiotic microbiomes were less diverse than the apparently healthy ones of the same subjects. The most abundant periodontal pathogens were also present in the saliva, although in different representations. The single abundant species was found in the diseased pockets in about 16-17-fold in excess relative to the clinically healthy sulcus, making it suitable as an indicator of periodontitis biofilms. The discrete microbial communities indicate strong selection by the host immune system and allow the design of targeted antibiotic treatment selective against the main periodontal pathogen(s) in the individual patients.
牙周炎是由龈下致病性微生物生物膜的发展和宿主与寄生物微生物之间的失调相互作用引起的。通过对 9 名患者的 121 个个体牙周炎袋进行深度扩增子测序和对同一受试者的唾液微生物群落进行全宏基因组分析，对龈下生物膜进行了彻底的特征描述。两种生物膜采样方法得到了相似的微生物组成。对所有生物膜进行分类学映射揭示了三个不同的微生物群。两个临床诊断参数，探诊袋深度（PPD）和临床附着水平（CAL），与聚类映射相关。失调的微生物组比同一受试者的明显健康微生物组多样性更低。最丰富的牙周病原体也存在于唾液中，尽管表现形式不同。单一丰富的物种在患病袋中的存在量比临床健康沟中的存在量高出约 16-17 倍，使其成为牙周炎生物膜的合适指标。离散的微生物群落表明宿主免疫系统的强烈选择，并允许针对个体患者的主要牙周病原体设计靶向抗生素治疗。
