Ogueri Kenneth S, Escobar Ivirico Jorge L, Nair Lakshmi S, Allcock Harry R, Laurencin Cato T
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
Regen Eng Transl Med. 2017 Mar;3(1):15-31. doi: 10.1007/s40883-016-0022-7. Epub 2017 Jan 30.
The occurrence of musculoskeletal tissue injury or disease and the subsequent functional impairment is at an alarming rate. It continues to be one of the most challenging problems in the human health care. Regenerative engineering offers a promising transdisciplinary strategy for tissues regeneration based on the convergence of tissue engineering, advanced materials science, stem cell science, developmental biology and clinical translation. Biomaterials are emerging as extracellular-mimicking matrices designed to provide instructive cues to control cell behavior and ultimately, be applied as therapies to regenerate damaged tissues. Biodegradable polymers constitute an attractive class of biomaterials for the development of scaffolds due to their flexibility in chemistry and the ability to be excreted or resorbed by the body. Herein, the focus will be on biodegradable polyphosphazene-based blend systems. The synthetic flexibility of polyphosphazene, combined with the unique inorganic backbone, has provided a springboard for more research and subsequent development of numerous novel materials that are capable of forming miscible blends with poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLAGA). Laurencin and co-workers has demonstrated the exploitation of the synthetic flexibility of Polyphosphazene that will allow the design of novel polymers, which can form miscible blends with PLAGA for biomedical applications. These novel blends, due to their well-tuned biodegradability, and mechanical and biological properties coupled with the buffering capacity of the degradation products, constitute ideal materials for regeneration of various musculoskeletal tissues.
Regenerative engineering aims to regenerate complex tissues to address the clinical challenge of organ damage. Tissue engineering has largely focused on the restoration and repair of individual tissues and organs, but over the past 25 years, scientific, engineering, and medical advances have led to the introduction of this new approach which involves the regeneration of complex tissues and biological systems such as a knee or a whole limb. While a number of excellent advanced biomaterials have been developed, the choice of biomaterials, however, has increased over the past years to include polymers that can be designed with a range of mechanical properties, degradation rates, and chemical functionality. The polyphosphazenes are one good example. Their chemical versatility and hydrogen bonding capability encourages blending with other biologically relevant polymers. The further development of Polyphosphazene-based blends will present a wide spectrum of advanced biomaterials that can be used as scaffolds for regenerative engineering and as well as other biomedical applications.
肌肉骨骼组织损伤或疾病的发生以及随之而来的功能障碍正以惊人的速度增长。它仍然是人类医疗保健中最具挑战性的问题之一。再生工程基于组织工程、先进材料科学、干细胞科学、发育生物学和临床转化的融合，为组织再生提供了一种有前景的跨学科策略。生物材料正作为模仿细胞外的基质出现，旨在提供指导性线索以控制细胞行为，并最终作为再生受损组织的疗法应用。可生物降解聚合物因其化学性质的灵活性以及被身体排泄或吸收的能力，构成了一类用于开发支架的有吸引力的生物材料。在此，重点将放在基于聚磷腈的可生物降解共混体系上。聚磷腈的合成灵活性与独特的无机主链相结合,为更多研究以及随后开发众多能够与聚（丙交酯 - 乙交酯）（PLAGA）形成互溶共混物的新型材料提供了跳板。劳伦辛及其同事已经证明了对聚磷腈合成灵活性的利用，这将允许设计新型聚合物，其可与PLAGA形成互溶共混物用于生物医学应用。这些新型共混物由于其良好调节的生物降解性、机械和生物学性能以及降解产物的缓冲能力，构成了用于各种肌肉骨骼组织再生的理想材料。
再生工程旨在再生复杂组织以应对器官损伤的临床挑战。组织工程在很大程度上专注于单个组织和器官的修复，但在过去25年中，科学、工程和医学的进步导致了这种新方法的引入，该方法涉及复杂组织和生物系统（如膝盖或整个肢体）的再生。虽然已经开发了许多优秀的先进生物材料，但在过去几年中，生物材料的选择有所增加，包括可以设计具有一系列机械性能、降解速率和化学功能的聚合物。聚磷腈就是一个很好的例子。它们的化学多功能性和氢键结合能力促使它们与其他生物相关聚合物共混,基于聚磷腈的共混物的进一步发展将呈现出广泛的先进生物材料，可作为再生工程的支架以及用于其他生物医学应用。
