Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, 410 Agriculture/Forestry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6K 2P5, Canada.
Institute for Plant Genetics, Section of Plant Biotechnology, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
Mycorrhiza. 2017 Oct;27(7):683-694. doi: 10.1007/s00572-017-0781-0. Epub 2017 Jun 12.
Genetically modified crops have raised concerns about unintended consequences on non-target organisms including beneficial soil associates. Pea transformed with four antifungal genes 1-3 β glucanase, endochitinase, polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins, and stilbene synthase is currently under field-testing for efficacy against fungal diseases in Canada. Transgenes had lower expression in the roots than leaves in greenhouse experiment. To determine the impact of disease-tolerant pea or gene products on colonization by non-target arbuscular mycorrhizae and nodulation by rhizobium, a field trial was established. Transgene insertion, as single gene or stacked genes, did not alter root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus (AMF) or root nodulation by rhizobium inoculation in the field. We found no effect of transgenes on the plant growth and performance although, having a dual inoculant with both AMF and rhizobium yielded higher fresh weight shoot-to-root ratio in all the lines tested. This initial risk assessment of transgenic peas expressing antifungal genes showed no deleterious effect on non-target organisms.
转基因作物引起了人们对非目标生物（包括有益的土壤伴生物）产生意外后果的担忧。目前，正在加拿大对一种经过基因改造的豌豆进行田间试验，该豌豆含有四种抗真菌基因：1-3β葡聚糖酶、内切几丁质酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白和芪合酶，以评估其对真菌病的功效。在温室实验中，转基因在根部的表达低于在叶片中的表达。为了确定耐病豌豆或基因产物对非靶标丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）定殖和根瘤菌结瘤的影响，进行了田间试验。在田间，转基因的插入，无论是单基因还是堆叠基因，都不会改变丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）对根的定殖或根瘤菌接种对根的结瘤。我们发现转基因对植物的生长和性能没有影响，尽管同时使用 AMF 和根瘤菌的双重接种剂在所有测试的品系中都产生了更高的鲜重地上部与根部的比例。这项对表达抗真菌基因的转基因豌豆的初步风险评估显示，对非目标生物没有不良影响。
