Cervinkova Monika, Kucerova Petra, Cizkova Jana
aLaboratory of Tumour Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Libechov bDepartment of Surgery, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University and Hospital Na Bulovce cDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
Anticancer Drugs. 2017 Sep;28(8):819-830. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000526.
Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most aggressive and uneasily treatable form of skin cancer. Up to 90% of deaths because of skin tumours are estimated to be caused by this malignancy. Spontaneous regression is described as a partial or complete disappearance of cancer. It can be defined if the clinical and histological diagnosis of malignancy is verified and any therapeutic intervention potentially inducing mechanisms leading to regression has not been applied. Regression occurs more frequently in melanoma than in other types of tumours; it is reported to be six times higher than in other malignancies. Up to 50% of primary MM is reported to undergo spontaneous regression. However, spontaneous regression of the metastatic form of tumour is a rare phenomenon observed in only 0.23% of cases. The most frequently mentioned factors leading to spontaneous regression of MM are operative trauma, infection, vaccination (BCG and rabies vaccines) and immunological factors. Other well-documented circumstances associated with regression of metastatic MM include blood transfusion and various endocrine factors.
恶性黑色素瘤（MM）是皮肤癌中最具侵袭性且最难治疗的类型。据估计，高达90%的皮肤肿瘤相关死亡是由这种恶性肿瘤导致的。自发消退被描述为癌症的部分或完全消失。如果恶性肿瘤的临床和组织学诊断得到证实，且未应用任何可能诱导导致消退机制的治疗干预措施，那么就可以定义为自发消退。黑色素瘤中消退的发生比其他类型的肿瘤更为频繁；据报道，其发生率比其他恶性肿瘤高六倍。据报道，高达50%的原发性MM会发生自发消退。然而，肿瘤转移形式的自发消退是一种罕见现象，仅在0.23%的病例中观察到。导致MM自发消退最常被提及的因素是手术创伤、感染、疫苗接种（卡介苗和狂犬病疫苗）以及免疫因素。与转移性MM消退相关的其他有充分记录的情况包括输血和各种内分泌因素。
