Raichlen David A, Alexander Gene E
School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, 1009 East South Campus Drive, Tucson AZ 85721, USA.
Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2017 Jul;40(7):408-421. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.05.001. Epub 2017 Jun 10.
The field of cognitive neuroscience was transformed by the discovery that exercise induces neurogenesis in the adult brain, with the potential to improve brain health and stave off the effects of neurodegenerative disease. However, the basic mechanisms underlying exercise-brain connections are not well understood. We use an evolutionary neuroscience approach to develop the adaptive capacity model (ACM), detailing how and why physical activity improves brain function based on an energy-minimizing strategy. Building on studies showing a combined benefit of exercise and cognitive challenge to enhance neuroplasticity, our ACM addresses two fundamental questions: (i) what are the proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying age-related brain atrophy, and (ii) how do lifestyle changes influence the trajectory of healthy and pathological aging?
认知神经科学领域因一项发现而发生了变革，即运动能在成人大脑中诱导神经发生，这有可能改善大脑健康并延缓神经退行性疾病的影响。然而，运动与大脑之间联系的基本机制尚未得到充分理解。我们采用进化神经科学方法来开发适应性能力模型（ACM），详细阐述基于能量最小化策略身体活动如何以及为何能改善大脑功能。基于显示运动与认知挑战相结合对增强神经可塑性有益的研究，我们的ACM解决了两个基本问题：（i）与年龄相关的脑萎缩背后的近因和终极机制是什么，以及（ii）生活方式的改变如何影响健康衰老和病理性衰老的轨迹？
