Rahman Mahmudur, Chakraborty Apurba
Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh.
WHO South East Asia J Public Health. 2012 Apr-Jun;1(2):208-212. doi: 10.4103/2224-3151.206933.
During 2001-2011, multidisciplinary teams from the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR) and International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh(icddr,b) identified sporadic cases and 11 outbreaks of Nipah encephalitis. Three outbreaks were detected through sentinel surveillance; others were identified through event-based surveillance. A total of 196 cases of Nipah encephalitis, in outbreaks, clusters and as isolated cases were detected from 20 districts of Bangladesh; out of them 150 (77%) cases died. Drinking raw date palm sap and contact with a case were identified as the major risk factors for acquiring the disease. Combination of surveillance systems and multidisciplinary outbreak investigations can be an effective strategy not only for detection of emerging infectious diseases but also for identification of novel characteristics and risk factors for these diseases in resource-poor settings.
2001年至2011年期间，来自流行病学、疾病控制与研究机构（IEDCR）以及孟加拉国腹泻疾病国际研究中心（icddr,b）的多学科团队确认了尼帕病毒性脑炎的散发病例和11起疫情。通过哨点监测发现了3起疫情；其他疫情则通过基于事件的监测得以确认。从孟加拉国20个地区共检测出196例尼帕病毒性脑炎病例，包括疫情、聚集性病例和散发病例；其中150例（77%）死亡。饮用未经加工的椰枣汁以及与病例接触被确定为感染该疾病的主要风险因素。监测系统与多学科疫情调查相结合不仅可以作为一种有效的策略来发现新发传染病，还能在资源匮乏地区识别这些疾病的新特征和风险因素。
