Costa-da-Silva André Luis, Ioshino Rafaella Sayuri, Petersen Vivian, Lima Antonio Fernando, Cunha Marielton Dos Passos, Wiley Michael R, Ladner Jason T, Prieto Karla, Palacios Gustavo, Costa Danuza Duarte, Suesdek Lincoln, Zanotto Paolo Marinho de Andrade, Capurro Margareth Lara
Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, INCT-EM, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Jun 14;11(6):e0005630. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005630. eCollection 2017 Jun.
The worldwide expansion of new emergent arboviruses such as Chikungunya and Zika reinforces the importance in understanding the role of mosquito species in spreading these pathogens in affected regions. This knowledge is essential for developing effective programs based on species specificity to avoid the establishment of endemic transmission cycles sustained by the identified local vectors. Although the first autochthonous transmission of Chikungunya virus was described in 2014 in the north of Brazil, the main outbreaks were reported in 2015 and 2016 in the northeast of Brazil.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: During 5 days of February 2016, we collected mosquitoes in homes of 6 neighborhoods of Aracaju city, the capital of Sergipe state. Four mosquito species were identified but Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti were the most abundant. Field-caught mosquitoes were tested for Chikungunya (CHIKV), Zika (ZIKV) and Dengue viruses (DENV) by qRT-PCR and one CHIKV-infected Ae. aegypti female was detected. The complete sequence of CHIKV genome was obtained from this sample and phylogenetic analysis revealed that this isolate belongs to the East-Central-South-African (ECSA) genotype.
Our study describes the first identification of a naturally CHIKV-infected Ae. aegypti in Brazil and the first report of a CHIKV from ECSA genotype identified in this species in the Americas. These findings support the notion of Ae. aegypti being a vector involved in CHIKV outbreaks in northeast of Brazil.
基孔肯雅热和寨卡等新出现的虫媒病毒在全球范围内的传播，凸显了了解蚊虫种类在受影响地区传播这些病原体过程中所起作用的重要性。这些知识对于制定基于物种特异性的有效防控方案至关重要，以避免由已确定的当地病媒维持的地方性传播循环的形成。尽管2014年在巴西北部首次描述了基孔肯雅病毒的本土传播，但主要疫情于2015年和2016年在巴西东北部被报道。
方法/主要发现：2016年2月的5天时间里，我们在塞尔希培州首府阿拉卡茹市6个社区的居民家中采集了蚊虫。共鉴定出4种蚊虫，其中致倦库蚊和埃及伊蚊最为常见。通过qRT-PCR对野外捕获的蚊虫进行基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）、寨卡病毒（ZIKV）和登革病毒（DENV）检测，检测到一只感染基孔肯雅病毒的埃及伊蚊雌蚊。从该样本中获得了基孔肯雅病毒基因组的完整序列，系统发育分析表明该分离株属于东-中-南非（ECSA）基因型。
我们的研究首次描述了在巴西自然感染基孔肯雅病毒的埃及伊蚊，以及在美洲该物种中首次报告的属于ECSA基因型的基孔肯雅病毒。这些发现支持埃及伊蚊是巴西东北部基孔肯雅病毒疫情传播媒介这一观点。
