University of Texas at Austin, Department of Geography and the Environment, Austin, Texas, USA.
Earth Observatory of Singapore and Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Nature. 2017 Jun 14;546(7658):363-369. doi: 10.1038/nature22333.
More than a hundred hydropower dams have already been built in the Amazon basin and numerous proposals for further dam constructions are under consideration. The accumulated negative environmental effects of existing dams and proposed dams, if constructed, will trigger massive hydrophysical and biotic disturbances that will affect the Amazon basin's floodplains, estuary and sediment plume. We introduce a Dam Environmental Vulnerability Index to quantify the current and potential impacts of dams in the basin. The scale of foreseeable environmental degradation indicates the need for collective action among nations and states to avoid cumulative, far-reaching impacts. We suggest institutional innovations to assess and avoid the likely impoverishment of Amazon rivers.
已有一百多座水坝在亚马逊流域建成，还有许多进一步修建水坝的提案正在审议中。现有的水坝和计划修建的水坝如果建成，将累积产生大量的负面环境影响，引发大规模的水文和生物干扰，从而影响亚马逊流域的泛滥平原、河口和泥沙羽流。我们引入了一个水坝环境脆弱性指数，以量化该流域现有和潜在水坝的影响。可预见的环境退化规模表明各国和各州需要采取集体行动，避免累积的、深远的影响。我们建议进行制度创新，以评估和避免亚马逊河可能出现的贫困化。
