Rizzo John-Ross, Hosseini Maryam, Wong Eric A, Mackey Wayne E, Fung James K, Ahdoot Edmond, Rucker Janet C, Raghavan Preeti, Landy Michael S, Hudson Todd E
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
Front Neurol. 2017 Jun 1;8:227. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00227. eCollection 2017.
Acute and chronic disease processes that lead to cerebral injury can often be clinically challenging diagnostically, prognostically, and therapeutically. Neurodegenerative processes are one such elusive diagnostic group, given their often diffuse and indolent nature, creating difficulties in pinpointing specific structural abnormalities that relate to functional limitations. A number of studies in recent years have focused on eye-hand coordination (EHC) in the setting of acquired brain injury (ABI), highlighting the important set of interconnected functions of the eye and hand and their relevance in neurological conditions. These experiments, which have concentrated on focal lesion-based models, have significantly improved our understanding of neurophysiology and underscored the sensitivity of biomarkers in acute and chronic neurological disease processes, especially when such biomarkers are combined synergistically. To better understand EHC and its connection with ABI, there is a need to clarify its definition and to delineate its neuroanatomical and computational underpinnings. Successful EHC relies on the complex feedback- and prediction-mediated relationship between the visual, ocular motor, and manual motor systems and takes advantage of finely orchestrated synergies between these systems in both the spatial and temporal domains. Interactions of this type are representative of functional sensorimotor control, and their disruption constitutes one of the most frequent deficits secondary to brain injury. The present review describes the visually mediated planning and control of eye movements, hand movements, and their coordination, with a particular focus on deficits that occur following neurovascular, neurotraumatic, and neurodegenerative conditions. Following this review, we also discuss potential future research directions, highlighting objective EHC as a sensitive biomarker complement within acute and chronic neurological disease processes.
导致脑损伤的急慢性疾病过程，在临床诊断、预后评估及治疗方面往往具有挑战性。神经退行性病变就是这样一类难以诊断的疾病，因其通常具有弥漫性和隐匿性，难以确定与功能受限相关的具体结构异常。近年来，多项研究聚焦于获得性脑损伤（ABI）背景下的眼手协调（EHC），凸显了眼与手相互关联的重要功能及其在神经疾病中的相关性。这些集中于基于局灶性病变模型的实验，显著增进了我们对神经生理学的理解，并强调了生物标志物在急慢性神经疾病过程中的敏感性，尤其是当这些生物标志物协同作用时。为了更好地理解EHC及其与ABI的关联，有必要明确其定义，并阐明其神经解剖学和计算基础。成功的EHC依赖于视觉、眼球运动和手动运动系统之间复杂的反馈和预测介导关系，并利用这些系统在空间和时间领域精心编排的协同作用。这种相互作用代表了功能性感觉运动控制，其破坏是脑损伤继发的最常见缺陷之一。本综述描述了视觉介导的眼球运动、手部运动及其协调的规划与控制，特别关注神经血管、神经创伤和神经退行性疾病后出现的缺陷。在本综述之后，我们还讨论了潜在的未来研究方向，强调客观EHC作为急慢性神经疾病过程中敏感的生物标志物补充。
